The role of career guidance by commercial secondary schools' principals in students’ Career Decision Making

Abstract

The research aimed to define the concept of freedom in Hegel's philosophy, and to reach the reflections of Hegelian freedom on the teaching and learning process. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the philosophical analysis method; The research reached the following results: Freedom in Hegel's philosophy originates from reason and is shaped by reason. It is a moral and individual freedom, meaning that it pertains to the individual alone, and the state and civil society must guarantee it for him. Freedom of the spirit in Hegel's philosophy is not a negative concept or a fleeting moment imposed by current circumstances, nor is it the freedom of a single individual or a group of individuals; rather, it is the freedom of man that is only achieved over a long period of time throughout history. The freedom of individual selves is not only involved in real existence, but also in culture and throughout history, and the history of the world is nothing but a struggle on the part of the spirit to achieve its goal and reach the stage in which it is free, when it takes over the world. Christianity achieved freedom according to Hegel because it resolved the contradictions in the material world and material phenomena by analyzing them and resolving the contradictions between them, focusing on their essence rather than their form. Freedom is a prominent topic in Hegel's philosophy, with implications and repercussions on all other theses that Hegel addressed in his philosophy. Therefore, Hegelian freedom was reflected in the roles of the teacher in making him a model of moral idealism, in the roles of the learner in making him the focus of the teaching-learning process, in teaching strategies in the methods of using them and applying their steps by teachers, and in the teaching strategies themselves. Hegelian freedom was reflected in the curricula in the philosophy of their construction, content, and methods of presenting the content in textbooks. The curricula, in light of Hegelian freedom, aim to educate a good citizen capable of interacting with society with awareness and responsibility, contributing to a broader historical movement that goes beyond the limits of academic education.