Scientific and Intellectual Institutions in Medina During the reign of the Prophet and the Era of the Caliphs1-40AH / 622- 660AD

Abstract

The city of Medina is the spring of Arab Islamic civilization and its launching, acivilization that was dictated by the circumstances of time and place. It was aimed at the interest of all mankind. As a result, it created an intellectual and cultural life of its own character.                      

Given the importance of educational institutions in strengthening the Arab-Islamic civilization, this study was an important and necessary part of an attempt to highlight one of the most important topics of educational and educational importance, which served as the backbone and heart of the spring to understand many of the intellectual and cultural directives.  

The first topic was to talk about the city's "prophet" mosque and its role in the scientific movement. It was devoted to discussing five axes. The first topic discussed education in the mosque The Prophet (PBUH) in the era of the Prophet (PBUH) is 1-11 AH / 622-632AD. The second axis is the Prophet's Mosque in the era of the Caliphs, 11-40 AH / 632-660AD, in which several educational issues were discussed: B- Education in the Prophet's Mosque under the Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab 13-23AH / 634-643AD, c. Mosque of the Prophet in the era of Caliph Uthman bin Affan 23-35AH / 643-655AD, d. Education in the Prophet's Mosque during the reign of Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib, 35-40AH / 655-660AD.      

Then the focus of the research on the third axis, and included the pioneers of science and education under the Apostle and the era of the Caliphs, the Caliphs, while the fourth axis focused on educational materials in the mosque during the era of the Prophet and the era of the Caliphs, which are first: transport materials, including science Legitimacy, language sciences, and social sciences. Second: mental materials, including geography, astronomy, "astrology", arithmetic, medical science, and nursing. Third: important educational materials.      

The fifth axis was devoted to modern ways of education in the Prophet's Mosque during the reign of the Prophet and the rule of the Caliphs.

   The second topic was devoted to the book, divided into four axes, the first axis is the book in the city and the second axis dealt with the holiday of the writing, while the third axis included the teaching times in the book. The fourth axis was devoted to talk about the curriculum of the city's writings in education.                                                

The third topic dealt with the definition of the oldest houses of science, "House readers," which occupied a shining place of the Arab Islamic civilization.                    

The study concluded with a brief study in which the most prominent and important findings of the study of scientific and intellectual institutions in Medina during the reign of the Prophet and the successors of the caliph:1-402AH / 622-660AD.