Evaluation of the efficacy of Calcium Sulfate grafts in preventing vertical bone resorption and improving radiographic bone density after tooth extraction (Randomized Controlled Trial Study)

Abstract

Background: After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone begins to absorb and remodel itself as an adaptation to this change. The bone loss is greater in the horizontal direction and more pronounced in the first three months after extraction, while the vertical resorption of the alveolar edge is more pronounced in the first year after extraction and continues at a slower rate. Vertical absorption of the alveolar process also causes an aesthetic problem when making prostheses, in addition to the difficulty in inserting dental implants. Many grafts were used to preserve the socket, hence the idea of using calcium sulfate graft to preserve the socket.

Purpose: This research aims to evaluate Calcium Sulfate in socket preservation after Tooth extraction and comparing it with spontaneous healing through:1. Evaluation of vertical alveolar bone resorption after extraction compared to spontaneous healing.

1. Evaluation of radiographic bone density after extraction compared to spontaneous recovery.

Materials & Methods: 24 teeth were extracted. 12 socket extraction were grafted with Calcium Sulfate Grafts after extraction immediately, and 12 socket after normal extraction without adding any graft or material which considered as a control group. Vertical bone absorption and radiographic bone density were evaluated 6 months after extraction in both groups using

CBCT technique.

Results: The differences between both groups were evaluated using t-student Test. Results showed a lower vertical bone resorption with statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in favor of the study group that had been grafted with calcium sulfate compared to the control group. In addition, it was also found that there were statistically significant differences in bone density in favor of the study group compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, we conclude that calcium sulfate is an effective substance in socket preservation as it improved the radiological bone density and reduced vertical absorption, but it did not prevent its occurrence.