Policy of the Abbasid state during the reign of caliph "Harun al-Rashid"

Abstract

In the Middle Ages, there were four competing powers, namely the Abbasid state, the Byzantine Empire, the Kingdom of the Franks, and the Principality of the Umayyad of Andalusia.

The competition between these countries led to a state of conflict between the Abbasid Empire and the Byzantine Empire, when Harun Al-Rashid was able to enforce restrictions on the Byzantines, and he also approached the King of the Franks, Charlemagne, sharing gifts and diplomatic missions with him.

Al-Rashid also acknowledged the policy of fait accompli in his relationship with Principality of the Umayyad of Andalusia, which was at odds with Charlemagne, Al-Rashid's ally.