The effect of conservation and conventional agriculture systems on the physical characteristics in (Inceptisols).

Abstract

The research was carried out at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Qamishli, in the first settlement area, according to a random plot design, by planting the wheat crop, Sham 7, within two treatments: 1 conservation agriculture 2 conventional agriculture, with four replicates for each treatment, where the seed (Baldan) was used. The conservation agriculture treatment was cultivated, while the conventional agriculture treatment was cultivated and cultivated using a Harrow plow. The study over the two seasons (the first 2021-2022 - the second 2022-2023) led to the following results: The conservation agriculture system led to an increase in soil moisture compared to a conventional agriculture system at the end of the first season after harvest by (10.96)% for the depth (10-20) cm. And (7.07)% for the depth (20-30)cm, and the beginning of the second season by (4.14)% for the depth (10-20)cm and (8.8)% for the depth (20-30)cm, and the end of the second season after harvest by (20-30)cm. (17.76)% for depth (10-20) cm and (12.68)% for depth (20-30) cm. The field capacity increases by (0.31), the hygroscopic moisture by (4.23) and the saturation percentage by (0.33) at the end of the first season, and this increase increases at the end of the second season to become the percentage increase of (7.74%) for the field capacity, ( 8.26%) for hygroscopic moisture and (4.38%) for the saturation percentage, and significantly in the conservation agriculture system compared to the conventional agriculture system. The conservation agriculture system also reduced the rate of water leakage by a percentage at the end of the first season (43.15%) and at the end of the second season (67.01%) in an insignificant manner compared to the conventional agriculture system.