The Effect of Fertilization and Supplementary Irrigation in Reducing the Alternate Bearing on Cultivar Olive Olea europaea (Al-Qaisi) in Al-Hasakah Governorate.

Abstract

This research was carried out in a private olive farm located in the village of Tal Aswad (15 km northeast of the city of Al-Hasakah), during the agricultural season 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, on fruitful olive trees (Qaisi variety), 22 years old, reared on one trunk using the low sepals method and a distance Planting (7 x 7 m) irrigated by drip in order to study the effect of three fertilization treatments: {F0: control treatment without fertilization, F1: fertilization with NPK at a rate of (2.5 kg tree Urea^-1 + 1.5 kg Superphosphate. tree^-1 + 1 kg Sulfate Potassium Tree^-1; F2: Foliar spraying with elements (N, Ca, B) at the rate of (2g Urea liter^-1 water + 2g calcium chloride liter^-1 water + 1g boron liter^-1 water}, and three levels of irrigation Supplementary: (I0: control treatment without irrigation, I1:  2irrigation, I2: 4 irrigation) on the growth and productivity of olives under irrigated farming conditions in Al-Hasakah Governorate (the third stabilization zone).The results showed that there were significant differences between the treatments and their interactions in the studied traits. For fertilization treatments, treatment F2: foliar spray (N, Ca, B) excelled in fruit diameter index (0.95 cm), while treatment F1: ground fertilization (NPK) recorded the significantly higher values for each of: parcel length, number of vegetative parcels formed on the tree, number of panicles, fruit weight and tree yield (29.59 cm, 22.22 parcels. Tree^-1, 25.29 clusters. Parcel^-1, 4.36 g, 28.70 kg. tree^-1 respectively). As for the supplementary irrigation treatments, the treatment (I2: 4 irrigation) excelled in each of: parcel length, fruit diameter, number of vegetative parcels formed on the tree, number of flower clusters, fruit weight and tree productivity (27.25 cm, 0.94 cm, 19.11 parcels. Tree^{- 1}, 22.36 clusters.parcel^-1, 3.84 g, 25.62 kg. tree^-1, respectively). As for the interaction of the studied treatments, the results showed the superiority of the interaction of the F1 fertilization treatment: ground fertilization (NPK) with the supplemental irrigation treatment (I2: 4 irrigation) in each of: parcel length, fruit diameter, number of vegetative parcels formed on the tree, number of flower clusters, Fruit weight and tree yield (33.44 cm, 0.95 cm, 25.11 parcels. tree^-1, 26.33 bunches. parcel^-1, 4.53 g, 30.33 kg. tree^-1 respectively).