The problem of secularism in disobedient Arab thought, a comparative study between Muhammad Arkoun and Muhammad Abed Al-Jabri

Abstract

 The research aims to explain the truth of secularism and the circumstances of its emergence in the West and to compare that with the circumstances that the Arab Islamic world went through as it attempted to establish its state. The research has shown that the circumstances that accompanied the emergence of secularism in the West, the most important of which are the establishment of Two conflicting dynamics want to monopolize all fields of political action, namely the dynamic of political power represented by the authority of the ruler and religious authority represented by the authority of the church, as there is no church in the Islamic world that represents the opposite of political authority as in Europe.A political and civilizational choice that guarantees the renaissance of the Islamic nation, and is also considered a bridge of communication between all segments of the nation. The research showed the difference between Al-Jabri’s vision of secularism and the vision of Muhammad Arkoun, as he considered it a problem related to the space of Arab thought and not the Arab reality, which needs a deeper investigation to clarify its real needs represented by more democracy. The research discussed Muhammad Arkoun’s vision of secularism as the civilizational choice that guarantees the renaissance of the Islamic world after it proved its effectiveness in raising the renaissance of Europe and transporting it to the world of the modern state. According to Muhammad Arkoun, it is For a better representation of the people through a contract concluded between members of the people to choose a system of government created by the historical bloc through a dialectical awareness that creates the present through its creation of a heritage that is responsive to the current political reality and not the reality imposed on the self by the other.