The representation of Athina_Al-Llat in Palmyrene sculpture during the Roman period: a comparative analytical study.

Abstract

This article explores the crucial role of sculpture as a key lens for understanding the complexities of past civilizations, with a particular focus on the Roman era in Syria. Sculpture is revealed to be a vital tool in uncovering the material wealth and cultural nuances of these societies, while also providing insights into their social and religious lives. The study emphasizes the centrality of mythology, with artists intricately depicting narratives that offer a glimpse into the prevailing ethos of the time. The research delves into the advancements in Syrian sculpture during the Roman era, highlighting two distinct schools in southern Syria and Palmyra. Palmyra, situated in a culturally diverse environment, produced a rich artistic output influenced by the convergence of various cultures. The society of Palmyra, characterized by extensive commercialism and openness to diverse influences, exhibited a unique diversity in their sculptural depictions of gods. A significant focus of the study is on the deity Al-Lat, a prominent figure in Palmyra's pantheon. Sculptural representations of Al-Lat incorporated attributes from other deities such as Atargatis, Ishtar, and Athena. This blending of characteristics was motivated by the military nature inherent in these deities, aligning with the commercial mindset of Palmyra's population, who sought strength and protection.