Study Of The Obstacles To Implementing The Balta Liman Treaty 1254 AH/1838 AD In The Ottoman Sultanate (The British In Izmir A Model)

Abstract

England, since realizing the importance of the Ottoman Sultanate in its economic prosperity and its arrival in India, sought to achieve its goals in the region to secure raw materials for its factories, and then create a market for the disposal of its industrial products. The favorable opportunity came when the rebellion of Muhammad Ali Basha (1769-1848 AD) in Egypt began to pose a threat to the capital (Istanbul), so it started supporting the Ottoman Sultan to undermine the authority of the ruler of Egypt by achieving its goals, especially the removal of the Ottoman monopolies law in order to be able to practice its commercial business in the Ottoman Sultanate in general, and specifically in Izmir freely and without any hindrance. It achieved what it aspired to by concluding the treaty of 1838 AD, but this situation did not last for a long time, and Britain was not able to practice its commercial business and dominate trade in Izmir as it had planned as a result of internal Ottoman developments that hindered its trade, which caused serious problems and greatly affected British merchants. Therefore, British trade in Izmir gradually weakened in favor of local merchants and other European powers.