Syrian Norms of Steiner’s Cephalometric Analysis

Abstract

Background and aim of the study: Steiner’s cephalometric analysis is one of the most suitable analyses for diagnosis and treatment planning. Nevertheless, no comprehensive study has detected the norms of this analysis in a Syrian sample yet. The current study aimed to establish Syrian norms according to Steiner analysis, to compare these norms between males and females and to test their coincidence with Steiner standards.

Materials and methods: The sample included 90 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Syrian individuals (45 males and 45 females, mean age 21.65 ±1.96 years). All of these individuals had class I canine and molar relationships and normal overjet and overbite. The radiographs were evaluated according to Steiner’s analysis. The means and standard deviations for all measured variables were calculated. The independent t-test and One-sample t-test were used for detecting differences.

Results: This study established Syrian norms following Steiner’s analysis for both genders. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between males and females except for ‎the chin position which was significantly more prominent in males than in females. The chin prominence, ‎posterior cant of the occlusal plane and forward position of upper and lower incisors were higher in the Syrian ‎sample than Steiner standards. However, mandibular posterior rotation of the Syrian sample was less when ‎compared to Steiner standards. No differences were observed concerning the other remaining measurements.‎

Conclusions: The Syrians have a specific dentoskeletal pattern. Therefore, It is preferable to use the norms resulting from the current study for Syrian patients. Moreover, it is advisable to use the gender- specific norms. The Steiner skeletal standards may be utilized for the Syrian females, while the attention is needed when these values are used for the Syrian males. In addition, Steiner dental standards should be cautiously used for both the Syrian males and females.