Actual control as a condition to prove the responsibility of leader and presidents for the action of their subordinates Case study Decision of the appeals chamber in the case prosecutor v. Jean – Pierre Bemba before the ICC. Damascus University Journal for legal sciences, [S. l.], v. 4, n. 2, 2024. Disponível em: https://journal.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/index.php/legj/article/view/9764. Acesso em: 18 jun. 2026.