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The image of the other (Arabic) in the French travel literature Madame Diolavua’s journey from Muhammarah to Basra and Baghdad in the year 1881AD-1299AH (model): . مجلة الآداب و العلوم الإنسانية. 2023;39(2). Accessed June 18, 2026. https://journal.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/index.php/humj/article/view/7009