Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
It is a specialized scientific periodical journal issued . It is concerned with developing knowledge and publishing it through contemporary issues about all fields of engineering and information technology(civil engineering, architecture engineering, electric engineering ,mechanic engineering, medical engineering and other engineering fields and a field of fine art) It obtained the international ISSN number: 1999-7302, ISSN:2789-6854(online)
Resources Comparison Between Some Parts Of Moringa Tree To Remove Turbidity From Water
Because water is one of the basic natural environmental resources for life on Earth, we must preserve it with the lowest percentage of pollutants for life. Therefore, this research aimed to use a natural material to remove turbidity from water, which is the parts of Moringa tree, where a comparison was made between (seed extract, leaf extract, seed extract with leaves) to find out which of them would be better for removing turbidity from water, where synthetic water with turbidity was used. An initial value is 55 NTU, and the extracts were prepared by extraction method using an ultrasonic device and using hexane as an organic solvent in a ratio of (1:10) and at concentrations of these extracts of (10, 20, 30, 40) mg/L. Using a gartest device, fast rotation for two minutes and a rotation speed of 200 rpm, and slow rotation for ten minutes and a rotation speed of 20 rpm, with different deposition times whose values range between (1, 2, 3, 4) hours. It was found that the optimal concentration for the three extracts was 10mg/L, and that the seed extract with leaves gave a higher efficiency than the leaf extract, and this was higher than the seed extract, as the turbidity values after treatment at this concentration were (4.3,4.87,4.9)NTU, respectively, and The removal efficiency values at the same concentration were (92.16, 91.14, 90.09)%, respectively, after a sedimentation time of four hours, meaning that all moringa parts gave drinking water in terms of turbidity according to the Syrian standard.
Copyright (c) 2025 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Evaluation of the Economic benefits of Syrian mineral oil used in Bi-fuel engines (Gasoline - Syrian compressed natural gas)
This research includes laboratory tests and field trials to determine oil drain intervals (ODI) for Syrian mineral oil API SAE 40/ CF used in gasoline engine when operated on Syrian compressed natural gas (CNG). Several used oil samples have been taken from three Bi-fuel vehicles operating at a petroleum field. Each sample was analyzed to monitor change in the physical and chemical properties of the oils, additive depletion and accumulation of contaminants. Used oil analysis (UOA): Kinematic viscosity, total acid number (TAN), total base number (TBN), flash point, antioxidant and anti-wear additives were performed in tribology laboratory. UOA results were used to determine IP for gasoline engine operated on CNG. ODI of (18000 km) were obtained in comparison with original intervals (7500 km) recommended when oil used in gasoline engines. ODI is extended more than two times. These results will affect economy and environment positively. It reduces the cost of engine oil drain, quantities of new oils and used oils wastes by nearly two times.
Copyright (c) 2019 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Study of the Performance of CEEMDAN in Underdetermined Speech Separation
The CEEMDAN algorithm is one of the modern methods used in the analysis of non-stationary signals. This research presents a study of the effectiveness of this method in audio source separation to know the limits of its work. It concluded two conditions related to frequencies and amplitudes of mixed signals to be separated by CEEMDAN. The performance of the algorithm in separating noise from speech and separating speech signals from each other is studied. The research reached a conclusion that CEEMDAN can remove some types of noise from speech (speech improvement), and it cannot separate speech signals from each other (cocktail party). Simulation is done using Matlab environment and Noizeus database.
Copyright (c) 2024 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Consolidation of steel plate shear walls infilled R/C frames using stiffeners corresponding to the angle of the tensile fields
Reinforced concrete frames are one of the most important structural systems to resisting lateral loads, and seismic upgrading of these frames can be raised by strengthening them using several techniques. The strengthening of R/C frames by using steel plates (SPSW: Steel Plate Shear Wall) is one of the best techniques of strengthening, this method of strengthening increases the resistance of the reinforced concrete frames. This research aims to study the effect of strengthening of reinforced concrete frames supported by steel plate shear walls with adding steel stiffeners inclined at an angle corresponding to angle of the tensile fields, the number of these stiffeners is consider as a parameter of this study. In this research, numerical analysis is carried out by using the finite element software (ABAQUS) for the studied models under cycle loading to study the effect of increasing the number of stiffeners that strengthening steel plate shear wall on the dynamic behavior of these frames, in terms of maximum capacity, lateral stiffness, and amount of dissipated energy for the studies models. The modeling results of this research demonstrated that the dynamic behavior of R/C frames with steel plate shear walls strengthened by steel stiffeners inclined at an angle corresponding to angle of the tensile fields gave better results with the increase in the number of these stiffeners.
Building a Keyword Spotting Model for Arabic LanguageUsing Self-Supervised Learning Approach
This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the efficiency of using contextual representation models trained via self-supervised learning for keyword spotting (KWS) in the Arabic language, in view of reducing the amount of data required for training, while maintaining high accuracy in KWS. We employed Hidden Unit Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (HuBERT), a pre-trained model on Arabic data for extracting the contextual representation of the speech signal and developed a head model for the KWS downstream task. This head model was fine-tuned using the Arabic Speech Command dataset, and multiple experiments were conducted to ascertain the minimum number of training samples required to attain a specific level of accuracy. Remarkably, using only ten training samples per word, the achieved detection accuracy exceeded 98.5%, and by increasing the number to more than 11 training samples, the accuracy increased to 99.7%. The performance of the model was evaluated on English language data and obtained similar outcomes regarding accuracy and the number of training samples needed for training. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of self-supervised learning for the KWS task in Arabic regarding the reduction of required training samples and suggest the potential for broader applications in speech processing.
Analytical study of orthogonal and non-orthogonal multiple access technologies in a deployment scenario of 2 and 4 users of a three-cell communication system
The increasing density of communications with the growth of requests for various services and data-hungry applications need more effective radio access techniques in order to fully implement 5G wireless systems, especially in terms of providing capacity. Multiple access methods in wireless communication allow multiple terminals to share the wireless medium, which can be either orthogonal or non-orthogonal. In OMA mode, the channel assignment between stations is orthogonal (either by time, frequency, location, or code) and is done to avoid interference between wireless stations, however, , It reduces performance because the number of simultaneous connections is limited by the orthogonal channel resources. Therefore, the NOMA non-orthogonal multiple access method was proposed as an access technology for fifth generation cellular networks to reduce the large gap between network capacity and rapidly rising traffic, as NOMA technology enables allocating the same frequency resource simultaneously to many users within the cell by employing the concept of capacity allocation and this Provides great potential in improving network performance. In this research, an analytical study of OMA and NOMA techniques was presented in a deployment scenario of 2 and 4 users of a three-cell communication system in terms of the average channel capacity in relation to the number of cells - the average channel capacity in relation to the transmission capacity - the users terminal capacity in relation to the transmission capacity using MATLAB program and extracting the results simulation process and discussion
Copyright (c) 2026 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
A Study on the Effect of Shear Wall Contribution in Resisting the Base Shear on the R-Factor for RC Dual Systems
This paper presents a study on the effect of the shear wall contribution in resisting the base shear on the Seismic Response Modification Factor (R). Earthquakes will be resisted by Dual structural system consisting of RC shear walls and intermediate moment-resisting frames (IMRFs). Annex (2) of the Syrian Arab Code (in 2005 and 2013) stipulated simplified tables to determine the values of R-factor depending on the contribution of shear walls in resisting the base shear although the American Code UBC97 did not considered this effect. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is used to calculate R. The current investigation has shown that the R-factor increases with the increase in shear wall contribution in contrast to what the simplified tables introduced. The values of R for buildings with the same contribution have been found different, so no relation between the R-factor and the shear wall contribution was found.
Determinants of housing satisfaction within slums of developing countries Case study: Al-Zaqqaqaniyyah neighborhood in Lattakia governorate
Local governments often classify slums as dirty, messy, and dangerous, and this inevitably leads to demolition recommendations. However, these places are rarely evaluated from the point of view of their residents. This paper uses a field survey to examine this issue within the poor Zagaziganiyeh neighborhood of Lattakia city. The study generally consists of three parts. The first part includes a review of the most important literature related to slums, the concept of housing satisfaction, the factors influencing it and its study methods, and then a comparative analytical study of three Arab and international experiences dealing with housing satisfaction within slums. Based on these two parts, a system of indicators was proposed. To measure housing satisfaction within poor neighborhoods in general, this system was used in the third part of the study, which included an applied study, and included an assessment of housing satisfaction within the Zagazigani neighborhood in Lattakia city. The study concluded that the indigenous population has a higher degree of housing satisfaction compared to non-natives, and that the degree of satisfaction with housing characteristics is higher than with regard to services and the community environment. monthly satisfaction score. Children's play areas and solid waste collection also took the lowest degree of satisfaction with services. The research concluded that housing satisfaction should be taken into account before taking any measures to improve urban poverty areas, and the need to take into account the social and economic situation and housing characteristics and conditions in any effort aimed at improving housing conditions within poor neighborhoods. The research also emphasized the importance of conducting an integrated study that combines the physical features of the studied area and housing satisfaction, in order to come up with the best proposals for improving such areas.
An Analytical Study to Stepping Transmission for a Hybrid Stepper Motor
This research aims to explaining and physical analysis to stepping transmission for hybrid stepper motor, stepping transmission means the rotor position movement is step by step or dynamic single step response. The simplified mathematical model for two phase hybrid stepper motor was represented by using the computer program Matlab/Simulink, which describes their mechanical and electrical dynamic behavior of the mentioned motor was done. Whereas, the motor and drive system was modeled in order to run on one phase on mode. It have illustrated computing simulation results and physical analysis for current waves and we have explained varieties of electromechanical torque which is produced in the motor and its relationship with rotor position during the movement from position to other.
Application of a multi-agent system in energy demand management on IEEE 3 Bus microgrids
Multi Agent Systems is a branch of artificial intelligence suitable for use in the control and management of electric power, as it facilitates the process of communication between the components of the electrical network and coordination centers .In this work, an algorithm for energy demand management is proposed for a model network using multi-agent systems, where we will have 4 main agents, in order: the traditional generators agent G, the distributed generators agent DG, the load agent L, The main agent or the BASE agent which represents the coordination center, the main objective of this model is to test the possibility of benefiting from the multi-agent system to automate the network in operation management, and there will be communication between these agents to determine the value of the reserve Power in this network and estimate the financial value of this Power to be sealed by the main agent to one of the load agents. The Jade modeling environment was also used to develop the environment for Multi Agent Systems.
Improving the productivity of a box solar distiller by connecting it with a small solar pond
Due to the scarcity of potable water, and the difficulty of obtaining it from known natural sources ,it is natural to search for other ways to solve this shortage by extracting salt from sea water and benefiting from ground water in order to obtain drinkable water. Solar distillation is a solution proposed to solve the problem of the shortage of potable water. In this research, the mathematical model of the proposed system ( a box solar still+ a solar pond) was studied for a city in the Damascus countryside because it contains calcareous water, and it is productivity was compared with a simple, tow- inclined box still with abase area of (1m2) according to the climatic conditions of a city in Damascus countryside, at sufficient amounts of water. (15 liter/m2day) (20 liter/m2day) (50 liter/m2day) and (70 liter/m2day), based on the Excel program using the repetition method. It was found that the best distillation yield was obtained with an amount of water (70 liter/m2day) where the distillation yield value reached (70%).
Appointment traditional local crafts and industries in contemporary interior architecture, Lattakia such an example
Today, building and architecture methods have developed in most countries of the developed world until they are at a very high degree of integration and the employment of types of technology, and their design methods have spread in most countries around the world, which leads to the loss of national identities and the absence of tangible and intangible cultural legacies, so architecture has become alienated. About its cultural environments and the absence of the local cultural identity. Despite the development, awareness of the cultural heritage has increased and has become the focus of global attention. It is a mirror that reflects the civilization of nations. From this point of view, the current research sheds light on the most important ancient folk industries that characterize the province of Lattakia, with a modest study of the reality and prospects of these industries and the possibility of investing them at the level of interior architecture because of the positive repercussions they bear in the success of the architectural element and the formation of a visual identity that expresses reality and is integrated with heritage.
Measuring the Impact of Design Errors Prevented by Using Building Information Modeling in Syrian Construction Projects
Construction projects are constantly striving to avoid design errors because they have a negative impact on cost, scheduling, and project performance as a whole. Engineering design is the art of producing plans and documents for a project before its implementation. The outputs are different types of engineering drawings and documents, which in turn lead to a wide and diverse spectrum of errors.. Building information modeling (BIM) technology is considered one of the most important techniques in reducing design errors and rework. This paper investigates the impact of design errors that can be detected using BIM in design in construction projects in Syria. A case study was chosen for a construction project in Syria (the expansion project of the Faculty of Arts - University of Damascus). It was modeled within a BIM environment. By comparison and data analysis, all errors that BIM can avoid before implementation were identified. To measure the impact of these errors, three main measurement indicators were developed for each error (likelihood of identifying errors, error’s impact on scheduling, error’s impact on cost). The data was collected and analyzed, and the results showed seven groups of errors that BIM can avoid before implementation: (lack of information - omissions, lack of information - ambiguity and contradiction, conflicts among engineering specialties, quantities-takeoff , constructability, need for alternative design, illogical design ) .And by measuring the effect of previous errors within the main measurement indicators, errors of the type of conflicts among engineering specialties and the accuracy of finishing quantities had a critical impact on the cost and scheduling of the project. Errors such as lack of information – omissions, ambiguities and contradictions – had the least impact on project implementation.
Improving Voltage in the Presence of Distributed Generation Using the Dynamic Distributed Voltage Regulator (DDVR)
Enhancing the electrical voltage quality in Improving the electrical voltage in distribution networks during the occurrence of disturbances leads to solving one of the problems of electrical power quality. The presence of sophisticated power electron elements helped alleviate power quality problems, Therefore, the use of a Distributed Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DDVR) provides the most economical solution for improving Voltage disturbances by injecting voltage into the system compared to commonly used compensators. This study proposes the use of a DDVR to improve voltage disturbances in distribution networks. The study conducted modeling of a DDVR with a Voltage Source Converter - VSC in a MATLAB/Simulink environment in the presence of a distributed solar PV generation source. The results of the study showed cases of voltage disturbances (droop, bulge, interruption), and how the load voltage waveform was significantly improved whether the disturbances were symmetrical or asymmetrical. The study also demonstrated the good environmental impact of introducing distributed generation and the extent of its reduction in CO2 emissions.
The effect of mixing temperature on the behavior of asphalt mixtures containing ( natural and recycled aggregates and plastic waste)
issue of waste recycling in all its forms and sources has become an important issue and a demand sought by most countries of the world in order to support the process of sustainable development. In this research, two different types of waste were used in the design of hot mix asphalt the mixture, :The first type: concrete waste that will be a basic component with natural stones and asphalt material. The second type: plastic waste that will be used as additives in order to improve the characteristics of the studied mixture. We used High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as an example of this waste. With these special mixtures, which are different from the traditional mixtures in their components, it was necessary to monitor the temperature and the extent of its effect on the properties of the studied mixture in order to determine the best and most appropriate temperature Different values of the polymer were proposed within the adoption of an experimental methodology, as well as three values of temperatures in the range of (145-165-190) degrees Celsius. Natural and fine recycled aggregates) and with a temperature of about 165 ± 5 and a mixing time of 90 seconds raised the efficiency of the asphalt mixture at a rate of 0.4% of HDPE)) increased stability by about 35%, as well as the density increased by about 1.54%, and the air voids decreased in the mixture by about 40 % and the value of flow ranged between 3 and 4mm From the above, we conclude that the addition of HDPE the hot asphalt mix by the dry method, at a temperature of about 165 degrees Celsius, gave positive results on all the properties of the asphalt mixture, and therefore it is considered a good application in the asphalt mixtures used in the research (HDPE) to
Numerical Study of Concrete Beams Reinforced With BFRP Bars Using the Finite Element Method
Recently, Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) bars have emerged as a promising alternative to other FRP reinforcement bars, owing to their proven and positive advantages. However, due the recent appearance of these bars and the incompleteness of studies on structural elements reinforced with them, they are not yet incorporated into international codes for concrete reinforced with FRP bars. On the other hand, numerical modeling and structural analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM) are among the approved and most reliable methods after experimental studies for obtaining results that are close to the real results in experimental models of the studied element, it allows building the necessary number of numerical models of the studied element and conducting the necessary parametric study of the various factors affecting the element's behavior while achieving cost and time savings compared to constructing and testing the same models experimentally. This study aims to build numerical models using ABAQUS software, which relies on the Finite Element Method, for a number of concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars that have been tested experimentally, and to verify the validity of the numerical modeling by conducting a parametric study to investigate the impact of the reinforcement ratio and the elastic modulus of BFRP bars on the values of the deflection and the strain occurring in the reinforcement bars and the concrete in the numerical models of the studied beams. The results indicate a good agreement between the values obtained from the numerical and experimental studies of the beams, and demonstrate the role of increasing the reinforcement ratio in reducing the strain occurring in the reinforcement bars and the deflection formed at the mid-span of the studied concrete beams models reinforced with BFRP bars, they also show that decreasing the elastic modulus of BFRP bars increases the values of strain of the reinforcement bars and the deflection in the mid-span of beams reinforced with BFRP bars, compared to beams reinforced with steel bars, the results also indicate that the load level corresponding to 30% of the ultimate capacity at Failure of concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars is a conservative and favors safety if it is considered a load level for service loads that the beam may be exposed to during the serviceability phase.
Development of a new type of Dual Mode Triple Conductor Combline Resonators
In this study, we present a novel improved type of combline resonator with dual mode characteristics. The proposed resonator consists of three metal conductors: an enclosure and two inner conductor posts. This architecture provides two asynchronous resonance modes that can be used to implement dual band pass microwave filters. Such architectures can provide low-cost, compact and easy-to-manufacture dual-band filters compared to conventional dual mode resonator filters, with a further reduction in size due to the fact that one physical cavity provides two electrical resonators. In addition, the new cavity introduces an anti-resonance mode opposite to the two primary resonance modes; this mode can be used as a transmission zero inside the rejection band in dual band filters, which enhances the filter selectivity, while maintaining the simple and miniaturized internal structure. The results of the study and the simulation, which were conducted on the proposed dual mode resonator, showed an improvement in the quality factor with a reduction in the overall size of the resonator compared to conventional resonators, while maintaining the characteristic impedance of the resonator at the two frequencies of the two resonant modes, in addition to maintaining small changes in the two modes quality factors values as resonance frequencies change. The study also indicates an improvement in the isolation between the two resonance modes compared to the traditional dual mode resonators that provide good isolation, which is reflected in the stability of one of the resonator resonance frequencies when trying to tune the other. The implemented study also indicated that the location of the anti-resonance frequency remains constant with respect to the two resonance frequencies.
Energy Performance Evaluation of Buildings Which Using Overhang And Wingwall Shading Devices
As Syria’s energy crisis increases and lack of availability of fuel, in addition to its high prices, it became difficult to provide heating and cooling sources, so we have to look for ways to minimize energy consumption based on structural elements. One of the most important ways is shading buildings, which is the first step of natural building cooling systems. This research aims to study the effect of overhang and wingwall shading devices on energy performance evaluation in Damascus buildings, by using simulation software TRNSYS. Where the design day for summer months for the east facade, the west facade and the north facade was reached, which is the day when the cooling load is maximum, where this day was July 22nd for east and west facade; and for south facade it was 9th September. In addition, the maximum projection extension for overhang and wingwall was calculated based on horizontal shadow angle and vertical shadow angle, and its impact on cooling and heating was studied. Then the impact of several projections on cooling and heating loads was studied in order to find the optimal projection of overhang and wingwall. The optimal projection extension of wingwall represented by the ratio A/B which was 0.5 for wingwall on the eastern faced, 0.4 for wingwall on the western facade and 0.5 for overhang on the southern facade. After that by using TRNSYS, we studied the impact of the optimal projection extension on the energy required for cooling and heating.
تحليل وتقييم الأداء الحراري لنظام تثاقلي لتسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية في مدينة دمشق
Natural circulation system (Thermosyphon) solar water heating systems are the most suitable option for securing domestic hot water. In thermosyphon systems, the tank is located above the solar collector, and the heat transfer medium circulates between the collector and the tank by thermal buoyancy, eliminating the need for the pump and problems associated with maintenance and securing the required electrical energy for its operation. The research aims to analyze and evaluate the performance of a thermosyphon solar heating system in Damascus. In order to achieve that, we adopted two methods. The first is a modified form of the computational F-chart method that is suitable for a thermosyphon solar heating system with variable flow, and this method allows calculating the optimal area of ​​the flat solar collectors for a specific hot water load. The second method is simulating the system in TRNSYS environment, which allows studying the thermal performance of system at hourly climate changes throughout the year. Results showed that the optimal area for the solar collectors securing a domestic hot water load of (300 L/day) with a temperature of 60 ˚C is (4 m2). The thermosyphon solar system can secure about (50-98%) of the required domestic heating load in Damascus according to the month studied, the annual solar fraction averaged (80%) and the thermal efficiency of the solar collector is about 50%. The results also showed that the thermosyphon system ensures the stability of temperatures in thermal storage tank for a long period of time, which increases the efficiency of system. We also made a comparison of the results of computational method with the results of simulation, and the percentage of error in the solar fraction was within acceptable limits for all months throughout the year.
spatial-temporal gait parameters in Charcot Marie Tooth disease
Charcot's disease is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders. The phenotype of this disease is characterized by progressive wasting, weakness of distal extremity muscles, and loss of deep tendon reflexes, resulting in gait abnormalities. This study aims to find the differences in the values of spatial-temporal gait parameters between a group of Charcot patients and a group of healthy people of the same age group. The study included (10) patients with an average age of (20.8 ± 7.05) years, and (20) healthy subjects with an average age of (22.85 ± 4.56) years. The spatial-temporal gait parameters were measured by the three-dimensional computerized gait analysis test in the biomechanics laboratory at the Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at Damascus University, using six television cameras made by the Italian company (BTS Bioengineering) and two force plates made by the Swiss company (Kistler). The results of the measurements showed that there were statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) between the two study groups in most of the studied distance and time parameters, The value of speed, step length, gait cycle length and cadence were lower in Charcot's patients in ratio, (7.86%, 23.26%, 27%, 36.75%) Respectively. As for the step width, the time of the gait cycle, the double support time, and the time of the contact phase, they were higher in Charcot patients in ratio (10.71%, 22.22%, 14.93%, 18.18%) respectively. The data obtained from this study gave a quantitative description of the differences in the spatial-temporal gait parameters between Charcot's patients and healthy people, which is valuable and important used by physicists to characterize gait deformities and make the most appropriate decision for the type of treatment to be performed for these patients to avoid further joint damage and amputation. Thus, they can live a social life as close to normal as possible.
Thermal Performance Analysis of Trombe Wall (Case Study of Higher Institute of Translation and Interpreting Building in Damascus)
In light of the increasing fuel prices, their scarcity, and the possibility of their depletion in the future, the need has become urgent to adopt certain measures of designing and constructing buildings in a way that reduces energy consumption and thus decreases the percentage of gas emissions resulting from burning fuel, while ensuring thermal comfort for the residents of those buildings. Among numerous passive technologies, Trombe wall (thermal storage wall) is one of the classical passive solar heating, which has the features of simple construction, high efficiency, and zero operation cost. In this research, the thermal performance of Trombe wall located in the Higher Institute of Translation and Interpreting Building in Damascus was simulated and the possible modifications to the wall were evaluated in order to optimize performance based on advanced simulation packages (TRNSYS). Results showed that when insulating the roof and increasing the area of Trombe wall to 70 % of the southern wall, the heating demand of the studied thermal zone decreases by 94 %. The research also presented a set of recommendations related to wall design parameters and their impact on reducing heating energy.
"Smart concrete and its vital role in saving energy to achieve sustainable architecture" Case study: An administrative building in Qudsaya suburb
Smart materials form an important part of the modern concept of sustainable architecture, as they enable these materials to improve the efficiency of energy and resource use in buildings and reduce their negative impact on the environment. Given the environmental challenges facing the world today, the use of smart materials in architecture has become more important than ever. The research reviews the concept of smart materials, especially smart concrete, and its importance in saving energy to achieve sustainable architecture. The research generally consists of three parts. The first part includes a review of the most important literature related to smart materials, their concept and properties related to them, and the selection of research databases to extract research in the years 2022-2023 related to smart concrete, and then after extracting and selecting relevant research. Its content will be analyzed to determine the types of smart concrete studied in it and the best places for its implementation in the architectural and structural elements of the building. In the third part, based on the results of the analysis, these results will be applied to a local study case (an administrative building in the (Qudsaya Suburb- Damascus Countryside) to determine the amount of energy savings by using appropriate types of smart concrete, whether the energy consumed for lighting, heating and air conditioning, in addition to carbon dioxide emissions. This research is of great importance in the field of architecture and sustainable construction, as it helps shed light on the importance of using smart materials in architecture, especially smart concrete, and how these materials can contribute to improving the environmental performance of buildings and achieving more sustainability. The research determined the types of smart concrete, and suggested the best places to implement each of its types (architectural and structural building elements), to save energy and activate sustainability. This study also plays an important role in providing valuable information to architects and designers, in order to help them choose the best types of smart concrete and apply them in current and future projects, thus achieving sustainability in buildings by saving energy.
Improving QoS in Software Defined Networks based on Adaptive Routing Algorithm to the Bandwidth variations
Video conferencing has become a prevalent means of communication now on the Internet, but it faces problems that can directly affect the quality of service (QoS). Rapid and almost-random variations in bandwidth (BW) affect the image and sound quality of video conference participants who are connected to the network through cellular terminals such as LTE Access Points, especially with the increasing number of Internet users. Therefore, traditional networks find it difficult to detect those variations and deal with them in real time. Facing this reality, SDN provides greater flexibility to deal with this problem and with better efficiency compared to traditional networks. Centralized management and comprehensive visibility of SDN conditions allow for more efficient management of dynamic variation via SDN controllers, relying, for example, on routing algorithms aimed at obtaining the best quality experience for videoconference participants. In this work, we discuss and propose a routing algorithm that is adaptive to rapid variations in BW often caused by handover events. The proposed algorithm has low computational complexity to adapt the video data stream between conference participants based on the instantaneous changes in available bandwidth for each participant. Thus, improving QoS, by reducing the processing time and the average bandwidth consumed within the network along with reducing the consumption of the console resources as a result of adopting the SDN concept.
Implementation of an electronic circuit to study the performance parameters of the MODBUS-RTU protocol and verify its model ability using the OPNET simulation
Industrial protocols exchange data between different automation devices. MODBUS is the most widely used industrial protocol. This paper presented a practical circuit consisting of two units that exchange data with each other according to the MODBUS-RTU protocol in order to study performance parameters such as (frame delay, frame rate) and to verify the model ability of this type of protocol using the OPNET simulator by conducting comparisons between the values ​​of the studied parameters. The results showed high performance of the MODBUS-RTU protocol in automating industrial processes and confirmed the ability of the OPNET simulator to characterize the behavior of networks operating on the studied protocol.
Thermal Performance Study of the Dish Concentrating with a Stirling Engine
As we know, there are a large number of applications that need thermal energy, such as heating water for domestic use, drying fruits, heating and cooling, and even electric power generation. On the other hand, Syria is classified as an excellent solar country, as the annual average energy amount of the total horizontal solar radiation received per square meter of land reaches more than 2000 [kW.h/m2.year] according to National Center for Energy Research, and this greatly encourages the deployment of solar applications.The research focuses on highlighting renewable energies, especially solar energy, to reduce environmental pollution and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and to present a detailed study of the parabolic dish concentrator with the Stirling engine in terms of studying the engineering and thermal performance and calculating the efficiency of this type of the solar concentrators. It has been shown that for a parabolic dish concentrator with diameter of 5 [m], focal length of 7.81 [m], rim angle of 0.328 [rad], and a reflectivity of 0.94, the overall efficiency of the system is 0.27, and the electrical capacity generated 3244.91 [W] in the month of September where direct solar radiation is greatest.
Designing a Fuzzy Type I and Type II Estimator to Estimate Future Signal Values
Estimating future signal values plays an important role in control systems as it helps in optimizing controller parameters and gains, as well as pre- adjusting the behavior of the controller. Its importance is not limited to control, but extends to several other fields such as medical, industrial, networking, and economic domains. Fuzzy logic is one of the well-known intelligent techniques for dealing with ambiguity and uncertainty in available information. Fuzzy logic has been used in this article to estimate future signal values, where two Mamdani fuzzy estimators are designed: the first one is a fuzzy type I estimator, and the second one is a fuzzy type II estimator. The estimators were tested on a several signals under different conditions of response speed, overshoot, and vibration, and the results of the estimators were compared by measuring the error ratio between the true signal and the estimated signal from both estimators. The results demonstrate the high capability of the fuzzy estimator in estimating future values With the superiority of the fuzzy type II estimator over its fuzzy type I counterpart.
Balancing axes of gas turbine in electric power plant by using MATLAB program
The balancing of masses in the machine aims to eliminate and reverse inertial forces and inertia moments, as the resultant inertial forces and inertia moments affecting the gas turbine bearings are transmitted to the turbine structure and cause dynamic reactions to be incited on its points of support, causing vibrations with negative repercussions on its performance and its stability. These inertia forces are called vibration forces, and it is necessary to reduce these forces by isolating them or mitigating their effect on the turbine The performance of the gas turbine can be improved by reducing the vibrations on its bearings, especially the vibrations resulting from the imbalance of the rotating parts that make up the turbine, by using modern techniques (the effective vector method) this method was modeled using MATLAB in order to obtain a balancing program to Presenting basic principles of the dynamic balancing process of gas turbines on site in order to increase practical experiences in this field.
Estimating the Effectiveness of Protocol-Aware Jamming Technique with a Navigation Message on Navigation Systems Onboard UAVs
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) present security threats to vital facilities, as the unauthorized use of these drones could cause accidents or carry attacks or illegal surveillance. Thus, it is necessary to prohibited drones from flying over important facilities. Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver forms the heart of the navigation system of UAV, and without it, it is difficult to control and direct the aircraft. In this paper, we propose a design of a jamming system for GPS receivers and its implementation using the protocol-aware jamming technique, which includes a navigation message. We also present the results of a simulation done using MATLAB to generate a jamming signal conforming to the GPS satellite signal-shaping protocol. In addition, using software-defined radio platforms and other software tools we generated signals identical to the civilian use signals broadcasted by 13 GPS satellites on the L1 frequency (1575.42 MHz) which currently contains the coarse/acquisition (C/A) code, with a transmission power of -3.5 dBm; with the possibility of adjusting the timing in the navigation message to locate a fake location. The proposed system was tested using several small UAVs, and the results showed the success of the protocol-aware jamming technique in blinding the receiver from the real GPS satellite signals, making it receive fake signals; thus changing the real aircraft location to a pre-selected fake location.
Evaluating the efficiency of Supervised Learning Classification Models in Solving Denial of Service Attacks Problem
Machine Learning has been widely used in several disciplines nowadays. The rabid development of Denial of service attacks outdated traditional methods for network security regarding the DoS attacks. Several researchers suggest that Machine Learning is a promising technique to fight Denial of Service attacks and they focus on using supervised learning methods to prove their theory. Using Classification to detect Denial of service attacks is expected to succeed especially since it can perform well during the training and testing phases but it wasn’t tested in real-life scenarios. In this paper we built seven different classifiers based on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset and tested them in the OMNET++ simulation environment since it is not possible to perform such tests on a real network. We found a large gap between the theoretical accuracy and the resulting one within the simulation which can be caused due to the Covariate shift problem. Tradition Classification might not be suitable to solve this problem. Other models were suggested to be tested in future studies.
The folk environment as a source of influence on the artist
The popular environment is one of the most important surrounding and influencing factors in human thought. Since the existence of man, he began to interact with it, through which he meets his needs, is affected by them, and enhances his sensory perceptions in them. It is an inspiring source for many works of art in all its aspects, and it enhances the ideas of the artist through what he adds and takes from the environment. And when the artist goes towards the completion of any work of art, he devotes most of his attention to identifying what exists in his spatial surroundings, with what he has form popular culture. Nature is the spiritual source of the rules, and nature may be similar in the human body, habits and instincts, for man himself is a natural phenomenon of this universe that he created. The popular environment is a wide field, and it is difficult to encompass it in all its aspects, so the researcher chose some preliminaries that allow understanding the subject as much as possible. This study deals with the impact of the popular environment on the works of art that appeared since ancient times, in which man would engrave the first touches of his civilized career and invent the first alphabet for the arts of painting. Here the researcher's interest is focused on studying appearances and heritage phenomena,and what clarifies popular heritage or adds to it , and it's one of the things that are related to the construction of the artwork, its internal configuration, its relationship to the foundations of design, creative processes, and the mutual impact and influence between the heritage and the artist. Keywords: environment, popularity, influence