Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
It is a specialized scientific periodical journal issued . It is concerned with developing knowledge and publishing it through contemporary issues about all fields of engineering and information technology(civil engineering, architecture engineering, electric engineering ,mechanic engineering, medical engineering and other engineering fields and a field of fine art) It obtained the international ISSN number: 1999-7302, ISSN:2789-6854(online)
Resources Comparison Between Some Parts Of Moringa Tree To Remove Turbidity From Water
Because water is one of the basic natural environmental resources for life on Earth, we must preserve it with the lowest percentage of pollutants for life. Therefore, this research aimed to use a natural material to remove turbidity from water, which is the parts of Moringa tree, where a comparison was made between (seed extract, leaf extract, seed extract with leaves) to find out which of them would be better for removing turbidity from water, where synthetic water with turbidity was used. An initial value is 55 NTU, and the extracts were prepared by extraction method using an ultrasonic device and using hexane as an organic solvent in a ratio of (1:10) and at concentrations of these extracts of (10, 20, 30, 40) mg/L. Using a gartest device, fast rotation for two minutes and a rotation speed of 200 rpm, and slow rotation for ten minutes and a rotation speed of 20 rpm, with different deposition times whose values range between (1, 2, 3, 4) hours. It was found that the optimal concentration for the three extracts was 10mg/L, and that the seed extract with leaves gave a higher efficiency than the leaf extract, and this was higher than the seed extract, as the turbidity values after treatment at this concentration were (4.3,4.87,4.9)NTU, respectively, and The removal efficiency values at the same concentration were (92.16, 91.14, 90.09)%, respectively, after a sedimentation time of four hours, meaning that all moringa parts gave drinking water in terms of turbidity according to the Syrian standard.
Copyright (c) 2025 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Evaluation of the Economic benefits of Syrian mineral oil used in Bi-fuel engines (Gasoline - Syrian compressed natural gas)
This research includes laboratory tests and field trials to determine oil drain intervals (ODI) for Syrian mineral oil API SAE 40/ CF used in gasoline engine when operated on Syrian compressed natural gas (CNG). Several used oil samples have been taken from three Bi-fuel vehicles operating at a petroleum field. Each sample was analyzed to monitor change in the physical and chemical properties of the oils, additive depletion and accumulation of contaminants. Used oil analysis (UOA): Kinematic viscosity, total acid number (TAN), total base number (TBN), flash point, antioxidant and anti-wear additives were performed in tribology laboratory. UOA results were used to determine IP for gasoline engine operated on CNG. ODI of (18000 km) were obtained in comparison with original intervals (7500 km) recommended when oil used in gasoline engines. ODI is extended more than two times. These results will affect economy and environment positively. It reduces the cost of engine oil drain, quantities of new oils and used oils wastes by nearly two times.
Copyright (c) 2019 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Study of the Performance of CEEMDAN in Underdetermined Speech Separation
The CEEMDAN algorithm is one of the modern methods used in the analysis of non-stationary signals. This research presents a study of the effectiveness of this method in audio source separation to know the limits of its work. It concluded two conditions related to frequencies and amplitudes of mixed signals to be separated by CEEMDAN. The performance of the algorithm in separating noise from speech and separating speech signals from each other is studied. The research reached a conclusion that CEEMDAN can remove some types of noise from speech (speech improvement), and it cannot separate speech signals from each other (cocktail party). Simulation is done using Matlab environment and Noizeus database.
Copyright (c) 2024 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Consolidation of steel plate shear walls infilled R/C frames using stiffeners corresponding to the angle of the tensile fields
Reinforced concrete frames are one of the most important structural systems to resisting lateral loads, and seismic upgrading of these frames can be raised by strengthening them using several techniques. The strengthening of R/C frames by using steel plates (SPSW: Steel Plate Shear Wall) is one of the best techniques of strengthening, this method of strengthening increases the resistance of the reinforced concrete frames. This research aims to study the effect of strengthening of reinforced concrete frames supported by steel plate shear walls with adding steel stiffeners inclined at an angle corresponding to angle of the tensile fields, the number of these stiffeners is consider as a parameter of this study. In this research, numerical analysis is carried out by using the finite element software (ABAQUS) for the studied models under cycle loading to study the effect of increasing the number of stiffeners that strengthening steel plate shear wall on the dynamic behavior of these frames, in terms of maximum capacity, lateral stiffness, and amount of dissipated energy for the studies models. The modeling results of this research demonstrated that the dynamic behavior of R/C frames with steel plate shear walls strengthened by steel stiffeners inclined at an angle corresponding to angle of the tensile fields gave better results with the increase in the number of these stiffeners.
Building a Keyword Spotting Model for Arabic LanguageUsing Self-Supervised Learning Approach
This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the efficiency of using contextual representation models trained via self-supervised learning for keyword spotting (KWS) in the Arabic language, in view of reducing the amount of data required for training, while maintaining high accuracy in KWS. We employed Hidden Unit Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (HuBERT), a pre-trained model on Arabic data for extracting the contextual representation of the speech signal and developed a head model for the KWS downstream task. This head model was fine-tuned using the Arabic Speech Command dataset, and multiple experiments were conducted to ascertain the minimum number of training samples required to attain a specific level of accuracy. Remarkably, using only ten training samples per word, the achieved detection accuracy exceeded 98.5%, and by increasing the number to more than 11 training samples, the accuracy increased to 99.7%. The performance of the model was evaluated on English language data and obtained similar outcomes regarding accuracy and the number of training samples needed for training. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of self-supervised learning for the KWS task in Arabic regarding the reduction of required training samples and suggest the potential for broader applications in speech processing.
A Study on the Effect of Shear Wall Contribution in Resisting the Base Shear on the R-Factor for RC Dual Systems
This paper presents a study on the effect of the shear wall contribution in resisting the base shear on the Seismic Response Modification Factor (R). Earthquakes will be resisted by Dual structural system consisting of RC shear walls and intermediate moment-resisting frames (IMRFs). Annex (2) of the Syrian Arab Code (in 2005 and 2013) stipulated simplified tables to determine the values of R-factor depending on the contribution of shear walls in resisting the base shear although the American Code UBC97 did not considered this effect. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is used to calculate R. The current investigation has shown that the R-factor increases with the increase in shear wall contribution in contrast to what the simplified tables introduced. The values of R for buildings with the same contribution have been found different, so no relation between the R-factor and the shear wall contribution was found.
Determinants of housing satisfaction within slums of developing countries Case study: Al-Zaqqaqaniyyah neighborhood in Lattakia governorate
Local governments often classify slums as dirty, messy, and dangerous, and this inevitably leads to demolition recommendations. However, these places are rarely evaluated from the point of view of their residents. This paper uses a field survey to examine this issue within the poor Zagaziganiyeh neighborhood of Lattakia city. The study generally consists of three parts. The first part includes a review of the most important literature related to slums, the concept of housing satisfaction, the factors influencing it and its study methods, and then a comparative analytical study of three Arab and international experiences dealing with housing satisfaction within slums. Based on these two parts, a system of indicators was proposed. To measure housing satisfaction within poor neighborhoods in general, this system was used in the third part of the study, which included an applied study, and included an assessment of housing satisfaction within the Zagazigani neighborhood in Lattakia city. The study concluded that the indigenous population has a higher degree of housing satisfaction compared to non-natives, and that the degree of satisfaction with housing characteristics is higher than with regard to services and the community environment. monthly satisfaction score. Children's play areas and solid waste collection also took the lowest degree of satisfaction with services. The research concluded that housing satisfaction should be taken into account before taking any measures to improve urban poverty areas, and the need to take into account the social and economic situation and housing characteristics and conditions in any effort aimed at improving housing conditions within poor neighborhoods. The research also emphasized the importance of conducting an integrated study that combines the physical features of the studied area and housing satisfaction, in order to come up with the best proposals for improving such areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
An Analytical Study to Stepping Transmission for a Hybrid Stepper Motor
This research aims to explaining and physical analysis to stepping transmission for hybrid stepper motor, stepping transmission means the rotor position movement is step by step or dynamic single step response. The simplified mathematical model for two phase hybrid stepper motor was represented by using the computer program Matlab/Simulink, which describes their mechanical and electrical dynamic behavior of the mentioned motor was done. Whereas, the motor and drive system was modeled in order to run on one phase on mode. It have illustrated computing simulation results and physical analysis for current waves and we have explained varieties of electromechanical torque which is produced in the motor and its relationship with rotor position during the movement from position to other.
Improving the productivity of a box solar distiller by connecting it with a small solar pond
Due to the scarcity of potable water, and the difficulty of obtaining it from known natural sources ,it is natural to search for other ways to solve this shortage by extracting salt from sea water and benefiting from ground water in order to obtain drinkable water. Solar distillation is a solution proposed to solve the problem of the shortage of potable water. In this research, the mathematical model of the proposed system ( a box solar still+ a solar pond) was studied for a city in the Damascus countryside because it contains calcareous water, and it is productivity was compared with a simple, tow- inclined box still with abase area of (1m2) according to the climatic conditions of a city in Damascus countryside, at sufficient amounts of water. (15 liter/m2day) (20 liter/m2day) (50 liter/m2day) and (70 liter/m2day), based on the Excel program using the repetition method. It was found that the best distillation yield was obtained with an amount of water (70 liter/m2day) where the distillation yield value reached (70%).
Improving QoS in Software Defined Networks based on Adaptive Routing Algorithm to the Bandwidth variations
Video conferencing has become a prevalent means of communication now on the Internet, but it faces problems that can directly affect the quality of service (QoS). Rapid and almost-random variations in bandwidth (BW) affect the image and sound quality of video conference participants who are connected to the network through cellular terminals such as LTE Access Points, especially with the increasing number of Internet users. Therefore, traditional networks find it difficult to detect those variations and deal with them in real time. Facing this reality, SDN provides greater flexibility to deal with this problem and with better efficiency compared to traditional networks. Centralized management and comprehensive visibility of SDN conditions allow for more efficient management of dynamic variation via SDN controllers, relying, for example, on routing algorithms aimed at obtaining the best quality experience for videoconference participants. In this work, we discuss and propose a routing algorithm that is adaptive to rapid variations in BW often caused by handover events. The proposed algorithm has low computational complexity to adapt the video data stream between conference participants based on the instantaneous changes in available bandwidth for each participant. Thus, improving QoS, by reducing the processing time and the average bandwidth consumed within the network along with reducing the consumption of the console resources as a result of adopting the SDN concept.
Design Laser Vibrometer for Respiratory Frequency Detection
The process of measuring breathing patterns is considered very important in medical diagnosis allowing the detection of many diseases. In literature, many methods used to monitor the respiratory process have been studied. Some of these methods need the usage of certain tools to be in contact while others do not require any contact with patient body. The later are divided into optical and non-optical methods. In this work, Helium Neon (He -Ne) laser with a wavelength of 632.8nm was chosen as an optical tool for measuring the frequencies of moving object. We popose a model that simulates the movement of chest wall during the resporatory process. The proposed model is composed of a striped paper placed on a platform that is connected to the Arduino circuit. The displacement and frequency of the vibrating body could be changed by programming the Arduino circuit so that the vibrant body movement simulates all breathing movements corresponding to young and old people in all proper cases in addition to some pathological ones. The principle of measuring is as follows: the laser is illuminating the striped paper and the reflected radiation is picked up by reflection Probe that is connected to an Optical Spectrum Analyzer which in its turn is connected to the computer and the results are presented via Spectra Suit. The studied signal represents the change of the intensity of the reflected laser versus time. Because the captured signal contains information about the vibrant body movement frequency, the reflected signal is taken and analyzed with Matlab to obtain its spectral (frequency) components. A good agreement is obtained between applied and measured frequencies of the vibrating striped paper.
Study of the Effect of the Unified Power Flow Control System on the Performance of the Distance Relay Used in the Transmission line
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission devices (FACTs) have recently been widely used in transmission lines with the aim of improving the flow of electric power and improving the stability of the electric power system and its various and many advantages, but its presence in transmission lines has led to some challenges related to the work of protection system devices, where the distance relay plays an important role in transmission lines Transmission as part of the protection system that must be taken into account, the presence of FACTs devices causes a change in the impedance measured by the distance relay, which can cause improper transmission line disconnection or improper operation of the relay, as it is known that the wrong performance of protection systems, It can lead to even electrical network problems Complete blackout, with its negative consequences for consumers and the country's economy, therefore it resulted in analyzing the performance and studying the impact of these devices on the work of the distance relay under various circumstances and conditions. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the UPFC Unified Power Flow Control device used to improve the stability of the electric power system,where in the Matlab/Simulink program environment, the distance relay, the unified power flow control device, and the transmission line were simulated, and the case of a fault on the transmission line was studied and the performance of the relay was evaluated. The results showed a change in the visible measured impedance by the distance relay, and thus the possibility of unreliable operation of the distance relay in the presence of such devices unless taken into account in advance in the calibration stage of the distance relay.
Research-Paper Classification And Reviewer Recommender System Based On NLP And Arabert Linguistic Model
Peer-Review system is a tool for controlling the quality of scientific publications in scientific journals and conferences, with huge increase of submissions, the pressure on the review process has increased, which depends basically on human efforts in sorting papers according to its topic and assigning it to the most appropriate reviewer, which raised the need to develop the traditional systems to avoid slowness, bias, or lack of quality and to keep pace with the continuous scientific acceleration. Recently artificial intelligence techniques have been widely used in most fields, and many libraries were developed to analyzing Arabic texts, which facilitated their use for the development of current systems. In this paper, a multi-label classifier was created based on the deep learning pre-trained model for Arabic language, AraBERT, which was customized by training on data from peer-reviewed journal (Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research) after pre-processing using natural language processing techniques. This model has proven its ability to identify the topic using paper’s title and abstract only, then it was used in developing a reviewers recommender system, which is information retrieval model works on classifying and processing Arabic text semantically based on the AraBERT Linguistic model, this leads to measure the similarity ratio between a paper and collection of publications by reviewers in the same subject to provide top ten suggestions of reviewers with the closest specialization to the paper. The system also provides additional suggestions as new reviewer among previously published articles. This system was tested on data of the journal, and the classification model reached the values 86.5%, 91.8%, 92.4%, and 91.4% for each of the Accuracy, F1-score, Precision, and Recall, respectively. It was also found that 85% of the reviewers suggested by the system are fully suitable for review process, according to the assessment of the journal’s publishing experts, and by applying the recall@10 scale, it showed that 49% of the suggestions submitted by the system matched the actual reviewers. The importance of this system appears as an effective tool to assist editors in scientific journals and conferences in classifying research and selecting the most appropriate reviewers quickly, effectively and without bias.
Copyright (c) 2023 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Developing an Effective Training Dataset to Enhance the Performance of AI-based Speaker Separation Systems
This paper addresses the challenge of speaker separation, which remains an active research topic despite the promising results achieved in recent years. These results, however, often degrade in real recording conditions due to the presence of noise, echo, and other interferences. This is because neural models are typically trained on synthetic datasets consisting of mixed audio signals and their corresponding ground truths, which are generated using computer software and do not fully represent the complexities of real-world recording scenarios. The lack of realistic training sets for speaker separation remains a major hurdle, as obtaining individual sounds from mixed audio signals is a non-trivial task. To address this issue, we propose a novel method for constructing a realistic training set that includes mixture signals and corresponding ground truths for each speaker. We evaluate this dataset on a deep learning model and compare it to a synthetic dataset. We got a 1.65 dB improvement in Scale Invariant Signal to Distortion Ratio (SI-SDR) for speaker separation accuracy in realistic mixing. Our findings highlight the potential of realistic training sets for enhancing the performance of speaker separation models in real-world scenarios.
Grasping Type Recognition based on EMG signals using NINA PRO dataset
This research focuses on developing the control of a prosthetic limb as a smart alternative to the amputated limb by using EMG signals to compensate for the grasping movements of the human hand. First, we studied the grasping movements that human hand can perform, in addition to studying the models of prosthetic arms made globally and their capabilities. Accordingly, we proposed to classify the grasping movements into four classes based on the number of fingers involved in the grasping process in addition the resting position. The study relied on the fifth version of the NINA PRO database, which assumes the presence of two armband of muscle sensors, each one includes eight sensors mounted on the foream of the amputated limb., so that there is an angular shift between them. The proposed algorithm is based on converting the signals of muscle sensors into a scaled matrix with dimensions that depend on the number of sensors and the rate of data acquisition during the time window of movement, and then converting the matrix into a grayscale image. Depending on the deep learning algorithms, several models were tested, where we able to classify there signals within the five classes with high efficiency and with a classification accuracy of 95.87% using CNN convolutional neural networks.
Tree-select Trial and Error Algorithm for Adaptation to Failures of Redundant Manipulators
In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm we call "Tree-select Trial and Error" (TTE) that can help a redundant robotic arm to adapt to failures that might occur during its functioning. This algorithm proposes a new search strategy allowing the robot to generate new behaviours, rather than being restricted to the previously learned ones, in order to compensate damage effects. Thus, learning suitable behaviours become an online process that promotes the robot's knowledge. The simulation and the experimental results on a planar manipulator with six actuators proved the effectiveness of our algorithm in helping the robot to reach a large area of its workspace in a few number of trials despite the different damage scenarios.
Object Detection And Recognition In GPR Images Using AI Techniques
In this paper, we adapt AI techniques, especially YOLOv5 algorithm, for the detection and classification of underground buried objects in B-scan ground penetrating radar (GPR) images. We used gprMax toolbox to prepare the dataset and we considered seven models: voids, tunnels, groundwater, rebar and subsurface concrete. Data augmentation was applied to enlarge the Dataset. The recognition results were promising and the algorithm was tested on real GPR images taken from different references. This study shows that YOLOv5 can detect and classify underground targets, which makes it a promising methodology for practical investment to analyze this kind of specific GPR data even with few training samples.
Semi-Autonomous Control Development of a Prosthetic Limb for Above-elbow Amputation
In this paper, we propose a new approach for semi-autonomous control of an above-elbow prosthetic limb during the reaching task for object grasping, utilizing IMU and computer vision technology. The proposed method addresses the challenge of controlling prosthetic limbs for individuals with transhumeral amputations. These individuals often have insufficient muscle signals to control all the joints of a limb with multiple degrees of freedom. The method aims to assist individuals with upper limb amputations in reaching for and grasping desired objects in a specific direction. This method can take advantage of the ongoing technological advancements in prosthetic limbs, particularly in terms of the increasing number of degrees of freedom for movement. This technology enables amputees to synchronize the movement of their prostheses with that of their shoulder joint, resulting in a more natural behavior when grasping objects. A robotic arm with seven degrees of freedom and a camera, was simulated in the Webots environment. The arm was then connected to the MATLAB environment to execute the proposed algorithm for reaching a desired object. The algorithm's performance was evaluated practically using a seven-degree-of-freedom experimental manipulator, a camera, and a one-degree-of-freedom gripper. The first three joints in the arm are the shoulder joints, which are controlled by the user, while the remaining joints are part of the prosthetic limb. The practical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enabling amputees to reach for and grasp desired objects simultaneously using shoulder movements. The estimated time to complete this task varies between 3 and 4 seconds, depending on the specific case.
Performance Evaluation of Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Energy Efficiency
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be defined as self-configured wireless networks consiting of spatially distributed sensors that monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, vibration, or pollutants; and cooperatively pass their data to a sink or base station. The WSNs have many applications such as: disaster relief operations, intelligent buildings, machine surveillance, medicine and health care. Despite the multiple beneﬁts this technology offers, the quick depletion of sensors’ battery power represents a key concern, mainly due to the extensive computational tasks and communication operations performed by individual sensors. Indeed, the cost of replacing batteries can be extravagant, especially when sensors are deployed in areas difﬁcult to access. Thus, the used routing algorithms need to be energy efficient. This paper presents a comparison of different routing protocols commonly used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on energy efficiency. For that, we have selected four energy-efficient hierarchical routing for perfromance comprison namely: Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Modified Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (MOD-LEACH), Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (DEEC), and Stable Election Protocol (SEP). Three performance metrics were chosen; network lifetime, stability period and throughput. The simulation was performed using MATLAB.
A Study Of The Current Situation Of Earthen Residential Buildings Made Of Mud Brick In The Town Of Deiratiah
The area concerned with the study is characterized by having an architectural heritage stock. The methods of architectural formation in Deiratiahwere linked to the extent to which various human، climatic، environmental and social requirements were met. The problematic of this study، on the one hand، is the disappearance of the traditional architectural plastic features of residential buildings and their replacement with features and vocabulary that are completely different from the climatic، environmental and social needs of the communities. On the other hand، there are no architectural and urban studies specific to the region that document the elements of traditional housing. The existing studies are studies on the historical، geographical، social، economic and political levels...، which touched in a simple way on the architectural and urban aspects. Therefore، the research aims to understand and analyze the elements of traditional architecture and the correct realization of its methods، with the aim of developing preliminary perceptions to overcome the problems of building with mud bricks for residential buildings and the weaknesses of the mud brick units. Social، cultural and economic aspects...
Improving The Performance Of DWDM Communication Systems Using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation DP-16QAM
In this research, two DWDM communication systems were designed and implemented, the traditional one, and the one which is based on the Quadrature amplitude modulation DP-16QAM technology, and a comparison has been made between them, as the DP-16QAM modulation technique provides high spectral efficiency that is reflected by Directly on system capacity, enabling transmission at optical channel transmission rates of up to eight times the transmission rates of traditional DWDM optical channels. The simulation was carried out in an Optisystem environment, and the results were tested and evaluated based on the achieved spectral efficiency and transmission rates, as well as the parameters Q-factor, BER, and OSNR. The first DWDM system was designed with 32 channels Distributed in the spectral frequency range 193THz-193.775THz and each channel at a rate of 12.5Gb/s at a total rate of (400 Gb/s) and a spacing between channels of 25GHz, which gives a spectral efficiency of (0.5b/s/Hz) and the results were tested for a range of 160km. The second DWDM system was designed with 32 channels Distributed in the spectral frequency range 193THz-193.775THz and each channel at a rate of 100Gb/s at a total rate of (3.2 Tb/s) and a spacing between channels of 25GHz, which gives a spectral efficiency of (4b/s/Hz) and the results were tested for a range of 160km.
Reducing Noise Pollution and its effect on the health of workers in industrial establishment. [Case study of the Automated carpet Factory]
Noise is one of the forms of environmental pollution dangerous to the health of workers in industrial work sites, which causes semi -permanent occupational diseases for workers who work long hours daily in an environment where noise spreads at high rates. The carpet industry that uses old fashioned mechanical looms is characterized in its technical condition, which made it a source of high levels of noise. Hence, scientific research in the field of occupational safety and industrial security has focused on the issue of noise and its negative effects. This research deals with the study of noise levels in the carpet factory and the possibility of reducing this noise to the levels permitted by the occupational safety committees to preserve the health of workers.
Integration of Science and Arts and Their Role in Interior Space Design (Interior Design and Artificial Intelligence as an Example)
The outputs of the Fourth Industrial Revolution support many scientific and artistic fields, including the field of interior design, thanks to the emergence of modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR). AI contributes to finding many innovative alternatives and solutions. Its capabilities lie in processing unlimited data, allowing designers to save time and effort in the design process and obtain accurate and authentic results. Therefore, the current study aims to introduce AI and its various uses, as well as to clarify the role of integrating science and art in interior space design, and to evaluate the impact of using AI technologies in improving the quality of interior spaces from a design perspective. This goal was achieved by conducting an electronically distributed survey of practicing designers from Syria and some Arab countries with experience of fewer than 2 years and more than 4 years. The results showed statistically significant differences in the degree of utilizing AI in interior design in favor of designers with more than 4 years of practical experience in design. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the studied sample in Syria and the sample from Arab countries regarding the efficiency of dealing with AI technologies and their applications in the interior field.
Case Study of Data Leakage Through Keylogger and Through a Cov-ert Channel in IP Protocol, And the Potential Size of the Leakage
The threats surrounding computer data are still growing with network and technical progress around the world, and in parallel; there has been an increased interest in the security of computer data and maintaining the privacy of data transmitted over the network. Leakage of user data is a serious security threat due to the disclosure of the privacy of data that may be confidential and should only be viewed by authorized parties. With the emergence of covert channels, the risk of data leakage increased even more due to the ability of these channels to leak data in a hidden way that is difficult to detect, as these channels depend on the basis of their work to hide themselves. In this research, a network application was developed that eavesdrops on the user's keyboard (Keylogger), and leaks the characters that the user has pressed, by designing a covert channel represented by the TTL field of the IP protocol, and clarifying how this channel works, and the amount of data that will be leaked through this field only.
Studying The Effect of Potential Induced Degradation(PID)on Moudels Power(Case Studyat Al-Kiswah Station)
This article investigates the phenomenon of Potential-Induced Degradation (PID) in photovoltaic systems connected to the grid. The aim is to analyze the capacity decrease resulting from high voltage levels used to minimize economic costs. The study focuses on a practical case conducted at Al-Kiswah station in Damascus, characterized by a semi-arid climate. The findings reveal that the capacity decrease due to voltage-induced aging ranges from 9-11%. These results align with the predicted effect of theoretical aging based on a mathematical model employed in the study. The research demonstrates the potential of the model in predicting the impact of PID and facilitating the optimal design of solar energy systems. This study contributes to the understanding of PID and provides valuable insights for enhancing the performance and efficiency of photovoltaic systems in similar environments.
Evaluation Risks of Not Adhering to Laser safety in Syria:Hair Removal in Damascus and its Suburbs as Case Study
The use of lasers has expanded in an unprecedented way at the present time, and in light of this very wide spread in various fields, it has become necessary to study the side effects and risks of laser radiation so that we achieve the greatest benefit from this technology and avoid a lot of harm that can occur if we do not adhere to the basics and precautions Laser safety in order to achieve a healthy and safe laser indication with the least possible undesirable effects. The study included 6 laser centers in Damascus and its countryside, in which 12 laser devices are available: 3 IPL devices, 4 Diode laser devices, 3 Alexandrite devices, and 2 Nd:Yag devices, and 70 treatment cases were followed up, of which 47 cases responded, and the rest of the cases refused to give any answers. It was found that the best results were obtained from Alexandrite and Neodymium Yag devices. Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) devices were the easiest to use on the patient and the medical staff, but they Diode laser devices were less effective. A group of errors were made that led to side effects or ineffective treatment, such as non-compliance in some cases of skin type and color with the treatment laser, as well as high energies were used that led to the emergence of some scars, lack of effective cooling, and repetition of laser sessions too much, and through an investigation The six centers show that laser safety considerations were not at the acceptable level.
An Empirical and Analytical Study of the Impact of Hello Messages Parameters on the Packet Drop Ratio in UAANET
Recently there has been an increasing interest in employing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in a wide range of applications, mainly in real-time surveillance and reconnaissance operations. UAVs have the ability of creating an ad hoc communication network in the air which is known as Unmanned Aeronautical Ad-hoc Network (UAANET). One of the most aspects that has a significant impact on the performance of these systems is the routing protocol. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is a very popular reactive protocol that has been widely used in UAANETs. One distinct aspect of this protocol is its ability to provide connectivity information via the use of Hello messages. However, using Hello messages also affects performance. Many previous studies have shown the impact of these messages on performance in MANET mobile networks, and that this effect is related to network conditions and parameters for preparing these messages. Therefore, this research focused on studying the performance of the AODV routing protocol in UAVs networks, where the nature of performance was determined in term of the rate of packet loss in all possible cases of a drone network. Then, the impact of changing the handshake settings (the allowed number of missing AHL handshakes in particular) on the recorded performance measures was studied. This research involves an empirical study using computer simulation as well as an analytical study based on other previous researches. The authors used OPNET network simulator for simulation purposes.
Evaluation of asphalt mixtures modified with hydrated lime
The bituminous aggregate must fulfill a set of basic technical requirements to achieve good durability for the flexible pavement, from sufficient bearing capacity for the loads expected to pass through, stability and good resistance to deformations resulting from the passage of loads at high temperatures, and securing an impermeable surface that achieves good water drainage. Where the importance of this research focuses on increasing the durability of asphalt mixtures by adding hydrated lime, and producing mixtures with high efficiency and resistance to moisture and various weather factors.The aim of this research is to study the effect of using hydrated lime as a partial replacement ratio of mineral filler on the mechanical characteristics of hot asphalt mixtures and their sensitivity to moisture.In this research, mineral aggregates had brought from Al-Salima quarries near Damascus, where the particles of aggregates larger than 19 mm had rejected. Bituminous binder had brought from Banyas refinery in Tartous governorate.Two types of hot mix asphalt had been designed: a traditunal mixture (consisting of mineral aggregates and a bituminous binder), and a modified mixture with hydrated lime (consisting of mineral aggregates with an optimum partial replacement ratio of hydrated lime powder with a bituminous binder), where 3 proportions had initially studied. Partial replacement of hydrated lime powder (1-2-3) % by the weight of the aggregates, to determine the optimum ratio to be used in the modified mixture.The Marshall was used to determine the ratio of bituminous binder, where the results of experiments on reference mixtures showed that the ratio was 5.85%, and it was also found that the ratio for adding hydrated lime was 2% of the weight of the aggregates, and that this ratio did not significantly affect the ratio of the bituminous binder in the mixture. It has been also found that the modified mixture with hydrated lime had improved its characteristics in terms of stability, flow and Marshall stiffness with the following percentages, respectively: 26%, 30%, and 80%, and it also improved resistance to moisture damage.
Developing an Integrated Framework to Manage Supply Chains in Construction Using IoT
The Construction Supply Chain CSC includes a spectrum of activities and stakeholders involved in construction projects, encompass a complex network of relationships, material flows, financial transactions, and information exchanges between designers, owners, contractors, and suppliers. CSC face numerous challenges. Therefore, effective management of the CSC emerges as a critical determinant for project success. The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, such as Global Positioning System GPS and Radio Frequency Identification RFID, has revolutionized supply chain management in various industries. These technologies enable the tracking of materials, real-time monitoring of operations, and seamless data exchange. Consequently, research efforts have been directed towards investigating the application of IoT in the CSC. To address this research gap, a descriptive methodology was employed, encompassing a comprehensive review of existing literature and the design of a questionnaire. The collected data played a pivotal role in identifying the most significant obstacles impeding the CSC (waste) and determining the prevalent IoT tools employed in Syria (smart devices). Building upon these findings, a framework was developed within a computer cloud environment, incorporating five IoT tools. This framework elucidates the interconnectedness and roles of various stakeholders within the supply chain. Subsequently, the proposed framework was presented to experts to validate its feasibility and gather expert opinions. The experts confirmed the viability of the Framework, providing feedback for enhancement and identifying potential obstacles that may hinder its application in Syria.
Performance Evaluation of Improved PWDC Technique in UFMC System in terms of PAPR and BER
Universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) system is sensitive to frequency offset through the channel that destroys the orthogonality between subcarriers, resulting in inter-carrier interference (ICI) which increases BER. This paper presents a study of UFMC system after applying one of the ICI self-cancellation techniques, which is the improved PWDC technique, which was used to correct the phase rotation error of received symbols in OFDM system, and then compares the performance of this technique with Standard UFMC and DC, PWDC, WCT techniques, in terms of BER and PAPR. Simulation results prove that the improved PWDC technique gives better efficiency than other self-cancellation techniques and standard UFMC in reducing ICI and improving BER, but at the cost of PAPR which is increased by about 4.5dB compared to the standard UFMC system.