Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
It is a specialized scientific periodical journal issued . It is concerned with developing knowledge and publishing it through contemporary issues about all fields of engineering and information technology(civil engineering, architecture engineering, electric engineering ,mechanic engineering, medical engineering and other engineering fields and a field of fine art) It obtained the international ISSN number: 1999-7302, ISSN:2789-6854(online)
Resources Comparison Between Some Parts Of Moringa Tree To Remove Turbidity From Water
Because water is one of the basic natural environmental resources for life on Earth, we must preserve it with the lowest percentage of pollutants for life. Therefore, this research aimed to use a natural material to remove turbidity from water, which is the parts of Moringa tree, where a comparison was made between (seed extract, leaf extract, seed extract with leaves) to find out which of them would be better for removing turbidity from water, where synthetic water with turbidity was used. An initial value is 55 NTU, and the extracts were prepared by extraction method using an ultrasonic device and using hexane as an organic solvent in a ratio of (1:10) and at concentrations of these extracts of (10, 20, 30, 40) mg/L. Using a gartest device, fast rotation for two minutes and a rotation speed of 200 rpm, and slow rotation for ten minutes and a rotation speed of 20 rpm, with different deposition times whose values range between (1, 2, 3, 4) hours. It was found that the optimal concentration for the three extracts was 10mg/L, and that the seed extract with leaves gave a higher efficiency than the leaf extract, and this was higher than the seed extract, as the turbidity values after treatment at this concentration were (4.3,4.87,4.9)NTU, respectively, and The removal efficiency values at the same concentration were (92.16, 91.14, 90.09)%, respectively, after a sedimentation time of four hours, meaning that all moringa parts gave drinking water in terms of turbidity according to the Syrian standard.
Copyright (c) 2025 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Evaluation of the Economic benefits of Syrian mineral oil used in Bi-fuel engines (Gasoline - Syrian compressed natural gas)
This research includes laboratory tests and field trials to determine oil drain intervals (ODI) for Syrian mineral oil API SAE 40/ CF used in gasoline engine when operated on Syrian compressed natural gas (CNG). Several used oil samples have been taken from three Bi-fuel vehicles operating at a petroleum field. Each sample was analyzed to monitor change in the physical and chemical properties of the oils, additive depletion and accumulation of contaminants. Used oil analysis (UOA): Kinematic viscosity, total acid number (TAN), total base number (TBN), flash point, antioxidant and anti-wear additives were performed in tribology laboratory. UOA results were used to determine IP for gasoline engine operated on CNG. ODI of (18000 km) were obtained in comparison with original intervals (7500 km) recommended when oil used in gasoline engines. ODI is extended more than two times. These results will affect economy and environment positively. It reduces the cost of engine oil drain, quantities of new oils and used oils wastes by nearly two times.
Copyright (c) 2019 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Study of the Performance of CEEMDAN in Underdetermined Speech Separation
The CEEMDAN algorithm is one of the modern methods used in the analysis of non-stationary signals. This research presents a study of the effectiveness of this method in audio source separation to know the limits of its work. It concluded two conditions related to frequencies and amplitudes of mixed signals to be separated by CEEMDAN. The performance of the algorithm in separating noise from speech and separating speech signals from each other is studied. The research reached a conclusion that CEEMDAN can remove some types of noise from speech (speech improvement), and it cannot separate speech signals from each other (cocktail party). Simulation is done using Matlab environment and Noizeus database.
Copyright (c) 2024 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Consolidation of steel plate shear walls infilled R/C frames using stiffeners corresponding to the angle of the tensile fields
Reinforced concrete frames are one of the most important structural systems to resisting lateral loads, and seismic upgrading of these frames can be raised by strengthening them using several techniques. The strengthening of R/C frames by using steel plates (SPSW: Steel Plate Shear Wall) is one of the best techniques of strengthening, this method of strengthening increases the resistance of the reinforced concrete frames. This research aims to study the effect of strengthening of reinforced concrete frames supported by steel plate shear walls with adding steel stiffeners inclined at an angle corresponding to angle of the tensile fields, the number of these stiffeners is consider as a parameter of this study. In this research, numerical analysis is carried out by using the finite element software (ABAQUS) for the studied models under cycle loading to study the effect of increasing the number of stiffeners that strengthening steel plate shear wall on the dynamic behavior of these frames, in terms of maximum capacity, lateral stiffness, and amount of dissipated energy for the studies models. The modeling results of this research demonstrated that the dynamic behavior of R/C frames with steel plate shear walls strengthened by steel stiffeners inclined at an angle corresponding to angle of the tensile fields gave better results with the increase in the number of these stiffeners.
Building a Keyword Spotting Model for Arabic LanguageUsing Self-Supervised Learning Approach
This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the efficiency of using contextual representation models trained via self-supervised learning for keyword spotting (KWS) in the Arabic language, in view of reducing the amount of data required for training, while maintaining high accuracy in KWS. We employed Hidden Unit Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (HuBERT), a pre-trained model on Arabic data for extracting the contextual representation of the speech signal and developed a head model for the KWS downstream task. This head model was fine-tuned using the Arabic Speech Command dataset, and multiple experiments were conducted to ascertain the minimum number of training samples required to attain a specific level of accuracy. Remarkably, using only ten training samples per word, the achieved detection accuracy exceeded 98.5%, and by increasing the number to more than 11 training samples, the accuracy increased to 99.7%. The performance of the model was evaluated on English language data and obtained similar outcomes regarding accuracy and the number of training samples needed for training. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of self-supervised learning for the KWS task in Arabic regarding the reduction of required training samples and suggest the potential for broader applications in speech processing.
A Study on the Effect of Shear Wall Contribution in Resisting the Base Shear on the R-Factor for RC Dual Systems
This paper presents a study on the effect of the shear wall contribution in resisting the base shear on the Seismic Response Modification Factor (R). Earthquakes will be resisted by Dual structural system consisting of RC shear walls and intermediate moment-resisting frames (IMRFs). Annex (2) of the Syrian Arab Code (in 2005 and 2013) stipulated simplified tables to determine the values of R-factor depending on the contribution of shear walls in resisting the base shear although the American Code UBC97 did not considered this effect. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is used to calculate R. The current investigation has shown that the R-factor increases with the increase in shear wall contribution in contrast to what the simplified tables introduced. The values of R for buildings with the same contribution have been found different, so no relation between the R-factor and the shear wall contribution was found.
Determinants of housing satisfaction within slums of developing countries Case study: Al-Zaqqaqaniyyah neighborhood in Lattakia governorate
Local governments often classify slums as dirty, messy, and dangerous, and this inevitably leads to demolition recommendations. However, these places are rarely evaluated from the point of view of their residents. This paper uses a field survey to examine this issue within the poor Zagaziganiyeh neighborhood of Lattakia city. The study generally consists of three parts. The first part includes a review of the most important literature related to slums, the concept of housing satisfaction, the factors influencing it and its study methods, and then a comparative analytical study of three Arab and international experiences dealing with housing satisfaction within slums. Based on these two parts, a system of indicators was proposed. To measure housing satisfaction within poor neighborhoods in general, this system was used in the third part of the study, which included an applied study, and included an assessment of housing satisfaction within the Zagazigani neighborhood in Lattakia city. The study concluded that the indigenous population has a higher degree of housing satisfaction compared to non-natives, and that the degree of satisfaction with housing characteristics is higher than with regard to services and the community environment. monthly satisfaction score. Children's play areas and solid waste collection also took the lowest degree of satisfaction with services. The research concluded that housing satisfaction should be taken into account before taking any measures to improve urban poverty areas, and the need to take into account the social and economic situation and housing characteristics and conditions in any effort aimed at improving housing conditions within poor neighborhoods. The research also emphasized the importance of conducting an integrated study that combines the physical features of the studied area and housing satisfaction, in order to come up with the best proposals for improving such areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
An Analytical Study to Stepping Transmission for a Hybrid Stepper Motor
This research aims to explaining and physical analysis to stepping transmission for hybrid stepper motor, stepping transmission means the rotor position movement is step by step or dynamic single step response. The simplified mathematical model for two phase hybrid stepper motor was represented by using the computer program Matlab/Simulink, which describes their mechanical and electrical dynamic behavior of the mentioned motor was done. Whereas, the motor and drive system was modeled in order to run on one phase on mode. It have illustrated computing simulation results and physical analysis for current waves and we have explained varieties of electromechanical torque which is produced in the motor and its relationship with rotor position during the movement from position to other.
Improving the productivity of a box solar distiller by connecting it with a small solar pond
Due to the scarcity of potable water, and the difficulty of obtaining it from known natural sources ,it is natural to search for other ways to solve this shortage by extracting salt from sea water and benefiting from ground water in order to obtain drinkable water. Solar distillation is a solution proposed to solve the problem of the shortage of potable water. In this research, the mathematical model of the proposed system ( a box solar still+ a solar pond) was studied for a city in the Damascus countryside because it contains calcareous water, and it is productivity was compared with a simple, tow- inclined box still with abase area of (1m2) according to the climatic conditions of a city in Damascus countryside, at sufficient amounts of water. (15 liter/m2day) (20 liter/m2day) (50 liter/m2day) and (70 liter/m2day), based on the Excel program using the repetition method. It was found that the best distillation yield was obtained with an amount of water (70 liter/m2day) where the distillation yield value reached (70%).
Appointment traditional local crafts and industries in contemporary interior architecture, Lattakia such an example
Today, building and architecture methods have developed in most countries of the developed world until they are at a very high degree of integration and the employment of types of technology, and their design methods have spread in most countries around the world, which leads to the loss of national identities and the absence of tangible and intangible cultural legacies, so architecture has become alienated. About its cultural environments and the absence of the local cultural identity. Despite the development, awareness of the cultural heritage has increased and has become the focus of global attention. It is a mirror that reflects the civilization of nations. From this point of view, the current research sheds light on the most important ancient folk industries that characterize the province of Lattakia, with a modest study of the reality and prospects of these industries and the possibility of investing them at the level of interior architecture because of the positive repercussions they bear in the success of the architectural element and the formation of a visual identity that expresses reality and is integrated with heritage.
Improving QoS in Software Defined Networks based on Adaptive Routing Algorithm to the Bandwidth variations
Video conferencing has become a prevalent means of communication now on the Internet, but it faces problems that can directly affect the quality of service (QoS). Rapid and almost-random variations in bandwidth (BW) affect the image and sound quality of video conference participants who are connected to the network through cellular terminals such as LTE Access Points, especially with the increasing number of Internet users. Therefore, traditional networks find it difficult to detect those variations and deal with them in real time. Facing this reality, SDN provides greater flexibility to deal with this problem and with better efficiency compared to traditional networks. Centralized management and comprehensive visibility of SDN conditions allow for more efficient management of dynamic variation via SDN controllers, relying, for example, on routing algorithms aimed at obtaining the best quality experience for videoconference participants. In this work, we discuss and propose a routing algorithm that is adaptive to rapid variations in BW often caused by handover events. The proposed algorithm has low computational complexity to adapt the video data stream between conference participants based on the instantaneous changes in available bandwidth for each participant. Thus, improving QoS, by reducing the processing time and the average bandwidth consumed within the network along with reducing the consumption of the console resources as a result of adopting the SDN concept.
Estimating the Effectiveness of Protocol-Aware Jamming Technique with a Navigation Message on Navigation Systems Onboard UAVs
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) present security threats to vital facilities, as the unauthorized use of these drones could cause accidents or carry attacks or illegal surveillance. Thus, it is necessary to prohibited drones from flying over important facilities. Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver forms the heart of the navigation system of UAV, and without it, it is difficult to control and direct the aircraft. In this paper, we propose a design of a jamming system for GPS receivers and its implementation using the protocol-aware jamming technique, which includes a navigation message. We also present the results of a simulation done using MATLAB to generate a jamming signal conforming to the GPS satellite signal-shaping protocol. In addition, using software-defined radio platforms and other software tools we generated signals identical to the civilian use signals broadcasted by 13 GPS satellites on the L1 frequency (1575.42 MHz) which currently contains the coarse/acquisition (C/A) code, with a transmission power of -3.5 dBm; with the possibility of adjusting the timing in the navigation message to locate a fake location. The proposed system was tested using several small UAVs, and the results showed the success of the protocol-aware jamming technique in blinding the receiver from the real GPS satellite signals, making it receive fake signals; thus changing the real aircraft location to a pre-selected fake location.
Evaluating the efficiency of Supervised Learning Classification Models in Solving Denial of Service Attacks Problem
Machine Learning has been widely used in several disciplines nowadays. The rabid development of Denial of service attacks outdated traditional methods for network security regarding the DoS attacks. Several researchers suggest that Machine Learning is a promising technique to fight Denial of Service attacks and they focus on using supervised learning methods to prove their theory. Using Classification to detect Denial of service attacks is expected to succeed especially since it can perform well during the training and testing phases but it wasn’t tested in real-life scenarios. In this paper we built seven different classifiers based on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset and tested them in the OMNET++ simulation environment since it is not possible to perform such tests on a real network. We found a large gap between the theoretical accuracy and the resulting one within the simulation which can be caused due to the Covariate shift problem. Tradition Classification might not be suitable to solve this problem. Other models were suggested to be tested in future studies.
Traditional Arts of “Al Ajami - Kinnala” A Comparison
Though a Globalization is a relatively recent term, its meaning has existed for hundreds or even thousands of years. When trade, and sometimes conquests helped the geographical spread of ideas and social norms. People knew and tried other cultures. These interaction and communication were the beginnings of the civilization. We are not surprised that there is a similarity between what a person- in east - eat or wear, or even practice, with what a person does in west. We will not also surprise by the emergence or practice of the same art in two completely different places and times in this big but little world. This is exactly what this research wants to say, when noticed, that some Indian artisans practice an art that is very similar and almost identical in technique and shape to a Syrian craft. This research- including the definition and description of two traditional arts (Kinala and Al Ajami) which differ in name but similar in content - is clear evidence of intermingling and cultural exchange throughout the ages. It provides a historical overview of both arts, then as a descriptive approach it defines and describes each of them. As an analytical approach the research addresses the similarities and differences through a comparison between them. The subjects depicted by the Indian artist differ from those depicted by the Syrian artist, as well as the colors and tools used in the artwork. This because of the differences in the environment, surroundings, thoughts and beliefs of each. This research also diversifies to shed light on the sculpture in Kinala art, its forms, tools and materials. This was through interviews conducted personally with Indian artists and craftsmen in Karnataka, the original home of Kinala art. Then it concludes with results and tips for reviving and developing these crafts and arts in line with the spirit of the new age, as they represent part of a long-standing heritage and history passed on from generation to generation and through the ages.
Design and performance evaluation of a soundproof enclosure to reduce noise pollution from portable generators
Noise is considered one of the important topics that attracted the attention of engineers and researchers in the practical field in order to control it and reduce its negative effects on life. The research aims to reduce the noise emanating from small electric generators by isolating them with locally available low-cost materials. These materials were chosen on the basis of the absorbance and sound reduction coefficient of acoustic materials. The analysis of the sound wave revealed that the frequency of the incident wave was less than the critical frequency of the container, and this indicates that the container will not resonate during operation. For this purpose, an experimental design and performance evaluation of a soundproof enclosure with multi-layer walls was conducted, consisting of the outer layer being a structure of St-45 steel sheets and the inner layer of wood and foam as an absorbent material sandwiched between them. The sound level emitted by the generator was measured before and after isolation, and these numerical results were compared by drawing acoustic maps for both cases on the Matlab program, and the results showed that the soundproof container effectively contributed to reducing the noise emitted by the generator, and it was found that the temperature of the generator It was not affected much by using the soundproof container, which indicates the effectiveness of the air cooling system used.
The Vienna Workshop’s Role in Linking Plastic art Aspects with Applied Ones
This article shows the most important tasks of the Vienna Workshop, in linking the plastic and applicable aspects together to unify arts in all fields. These arts had different objects and styles of artists and architectural designers, whose ideas and works inspired the applicable artisan products. An important question arises here: What are the finical or nonfinancial feasibilities of investing the formation aesthetics in the applicable and vocational objects of the Vienna Workshop? In early stages, the Vienna Workshop heavily sought to develop unique forms of art in an Austrian artistic style to make arts available for all. In the production phases, the steps aimed to merge the designs with applicable crafts in all field, and revealed the aesthetic value of geometrical tendency, strongly explicit in the works. The Workshop linked arts together, and expanded the cultural tasks of the performing arts. The Vienna Workshop’s Book designing art was luxurious. It revived old techniques through artistic portrayed folk stories for children. This stimulated a lot of ideas and tendencies to the Vienna Workshop, years later. They were manifested in geometrical visions; the most important of which are Cubism, Bauhaus, visual Art, and Hard Edge. In conclusion, the Vienna Workshop heralded to remove boundaries between plastic, applicable or even architectural. In a single art work, we find various concepts, methods and raw materials. This diversity constituted a model for a lot of trends- succeeding the Vienna Workshop- to be followed.
Designing and Evaluating Video-stream Routing Algorithm Based on Load-Balancing and Multipath Open-flow Over Software-Defined Network
Multipath routing, i.e., routing with many paths, is an alternative to single-path routing, hence tending to fragment the network topology into a tree shape so that video packets take multiple paths through tree paths in the network topology. With multipath routing, it is expected that with many paths, the network load can be distributed in a balanced way to several existing paths or what is known as load-balancing, so as to increase the utility of the network. The implementation of multipath routing can be facilitated by the existence of a Software-Defined Network (SDN) paradigm that allows a centralized view of the network. For this reason, we design in this paper a load-balancing multipath routing system with OpenFlow protocol over SDN by using the Depth-First Search (DFS) algorithm to search for routes and utilizing the group actions feature on Open-v-Switch (OVS) to perform load-balancing. In this paper, we will show how our solution improves Quality of Service (QoS) for high quality video streaming while remaining reactive to network congestion.
Analytical Study of Interventions in Soqs of Al-Mdineh in Old Aleppo
The ancient city of Aleppo was exposed to the most systematic types of destruction, which targeted important archaeological monuments of exceptional universal value throughout the course of five years during the war from 2012 AD to 2017 AD, especially the central commercial zone (al-Mdineh). Which constitutes the largest economic complex in the region and is the longest-covered commercial market in the world, with that being said, the central commercial zone (al-Mdineh) was chosen by UNESCO to be on the list of world cultural heritage, alongside the old city of Aleppo and the Citadel in the year 1986 AD. The market was exposed to great destruction and a massive fire during the war, which severely damaged the shops. The economic activity in the heritage markets has deteriorated dramatically in the war and continues to gradually recover and restore life in the region. Soon, the features of life were restored until the city suffered a devastating earthquake on February 6th, 2023, AD: exacerbating the situation and causing new dramatic damage to the Old City, particularly the market. In view of the above, the research presents theoretically the urban development of the market as public spaces in Roman times and before, until the beginning of the emergence of its features as a market in Islamic times and its prosperity as an essential component of the Islamic city, Then accordingly will be presented a comprehensive architectural description of the markets and their divisions, followed by a field and analytical study of the current state of the city market in old Aleppo, that addresses city damages caused by war, and the seismic history of the city ending with the last destructive one, and its impact on the city’s urban reality, in addition to the market developments, as well as work methodologies and policies followed by restoration and reconstruction.
Design Laser Vibrometer for Respiratory Frequency Detection
The process of measuring breathing patterns is considered very important in medical diagnosis allowing the detection of many diseases. In literature, many methods used to monitor the respiratory process have been studied. Some of these methods need the usage of certain tools to be in contact while others do not require any contact with patient body. The later are divided into optical and non-optical methods. In this work, Helium Neon (He -Ne) laser with a wavelength of 632.8nm was chosen as an optical tool for measuring the frequencies of moving object. We popose a model that simulates the movement of chest wall during the resporatory process. The proposed model is composed of a striped paper placed on a platform that is connected to the Arduino circuit. The displacement and frequency of the vibrating body could be changed by programming the Arduino circuit so that the vibrant body movement simulates all breathing movements corresponding to young and old people in all proper cases in addition to some pathological ones. The principle of measuring is as follows: the laser is illuminating the striped paper and the reflected radiation is picked up by reflection Probe that is connected to an Optical Spectrum Analyzer which in its turn is connected to the computer and the results are presented via Spectra Suit. The studied signal represents the change of the intensity of the reflected laser versus time. Because the captured signal contains information about the vibrant body movement frequency, the reflected signal is taken and analyzed with Matlab to obtain its spectral (frequency) components. A good agreement is obtained between applied and measured frequencies of the vibrating striped paper.
Performance Analysis Of The Zoned Fresnel Lens Antenna In The Millimeter Wave Range For 5G Communications
The main objective of using lenses with antennas is to improve gain and directivity, in addition to achieve hybrid digital radio beamforming, especially with the use of multiple inputs and multiple outputs communications, as the lens works to reduce level of side lobes and focus radiation in the desired direction, which reduces energy losses and improves energy efficiency of the system In addition to greatly increasing the data transfer rate, which improves spectral efficiency. Several types of lenses have been studied in order to obtain smaller dimensions and less weight compatible with the restrictions imposed by the devices used in fifth generation communications. The aim of the research is to design a lens antenna that is applicable in the fifth generation communication system using a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens, which is characterized by less thickness and lighter weight compared to the lens with dielectric plates, with the ability of easy manufacture it. The FZP lens depends on the constructive overlap between the (N) constituent regions of the lens. The FZP lens antenna is designed on the V-band (57-66 GHz) used in 5G communications. The Fresnel lens is characterized by a small focal distance and therefore the feed can be placed very close to the lens, which makes the antenna suitable for fifth generation communications. Research is based on The finite differential time domain (FDTD) method adopted in the CST software was used to study and analyze the performance of the proposed antenna, by using the horn antenna as a feed antenna first, and then using an array of horn antennas as feed elements in the next stage, in order to obtain effective beamforming to improve performance.The performance was analyzed through the approved performance coefficients: reflection factor, gain, half-power band width , and radial pattern. the results showed a clear improvement in the performance of the millimeter antenna using the FZP lens compared to Dielectric Slabs-Based Lens. In general, this antenna provides good performance within the millimeter wave range, and special radiation patterns compatible with European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI standards, as it is characterized by a relatively high gain, in addition to a low form factor.
Study The Impact of DoS Attacks on The Performance of Soft-ware-Defined Wireless Sensor Network
Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSNs) are a promising technology for a variety of applications, such as environmental monitoring, industrial control, healthcare, and other IoT applications. However, SDWSNs are vulnerable to many security attacks because they do not always take consideration to the restrictions in traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) such as computational complexity and power constraints. The most dangerous of these at-tacks are Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks that can disrupt the normal operation of an SDWSN by flooding the network with malicious traffic, consuming network resources, or preventing legitimate traffic from reaching its destination. This paper examines the impact of DoS and DDoS attacks on SDWSNs, as it takes an overview of the different types of these attacks, then conducts an emulation for SDWSN network, and execute a data exchange between sensing nodes and the controller to study and evaluate the impact of these attacks on the performance of SDWSNs. The results of the study show that DoS and DDoS attacks can have a significant impact on the performance of SDWSNs, and can lead to reduced Packet Delivery Rate, increased End to End Delay, power consumption, and Packet Loss Rate. This study provides new insights into the impact of DoS attacks on SDWSNs. We believe that our findings will be useful for the design and deployment of secure SDWSNs.
Implementation of a digital excitation control system to reduce the third harmonic and improve voltage quality in a synchronous generator
With the development and spread of electrical equipment that contains rectifiers and inverters, which are considered non-linear loads, where the shape of the voltage wave is different from the shape of the current wave, and thus causes distortion of the voltage wave and loads it with different harmonics according to the type of load. Getting rid of the harmonics and preserving the pure sinusoidal form of the voltage wave is considered one of the important issues in the electrical distribution and feeding systems, especially the systems independent from the network, because of the problems caused by these harmonics in increasing heat, losses, noise, and other undesirable conditions. In this research, we will implement a digital system to control the excitation of the synchronous generator so that the generator is able to feed the load with regular voltage, in addition to mitigating the harmonics and reducing their ratio when loaded with nonlinear loads without changing the structure of the generator, but only by controlling the excitation wave shape.
in asphalt mixtures for roads with high slopes or areas with high temperatures
The spread of road pavement defects is one of the most important problems leading to the deterioration of road pavement performance. The types of these defects differ according to the nature of their association with traffic loads. Fatigue cracks and rutting are among the most common and widespread types of defects related to traffic loads. These defects have been observed in abundance on the road network in the Syrian Arab Republic. In this research, we thought about using asphalt materials with a 40/50 grade as an alternative to asphalt materials with a grade of 60-70, modified with polymers, which are usually used in areas with high temperatures, high inclinations, and high axial loads, this is because the polymer material is not produced locally and we need to import it in foreign currencies, Also because of the difficulty of adding polymer to asphalt in local plants, due to these reasons, and with the aim of producing an asphalt aggregate mixture that is approximately equivalent in terms of its design life to the polymer-modified asphalt aggregate mixture, this led to thinking about using another type of asphalt materials. The unit for producing asphalt materials was operated in the Baniyas refinery in order to adjust the penetration and produce an asphalt binder within the standard specifications that are compatible with the environment and climatic factors present in Syria, and the high axial loads, and high axial loads, these are asphalt materials with a penetration grade of 40-50, in order to use this type of asphalt material on roads with high slopes, this is to achieve higher stability, and the phenomenon of rutting does not appear in the future as a result of high axial loads and repeated braking at high inclines, especially at high temperatures. In this research, a set of tests were applied to each of the asphalt binders, and asphalt mixture to measure the extent of improvement that has occurred are kinematic viscounty test, Marshall test, indirect tensile test, and modulus of resilient, good results have been shown through the use of asphalt materials with a penetration grade of 40/50, through better performance against rutting (through the hardness index), as these mixtures have higher stability and less fluidity than mixtures of asphalt materials with a penetration grade of 60-70, The indirect tensile strength test also showed higher values ​​at 25°C, As well as testing the , modulus of resilient, which showed higher values ​​at all the temperatures studied, 5, 25, and 40 °C, by using asphalt materials with a penetration grade of 40/50 instead of using asphalt materials with a penetration grade of 70/60.
Study of the Effect of the Unified Power Flow Control System on the Performance of the Distance Relay Used in the Transmission line
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission devices (FACTs) have recently been widely used in transmission lines with the aim of improving the flow of electric power and improving the stability of the electric power system and its various and many advantages, but its presence in transmission lines has led to some challenges related to the work of protection system devices, where the distance relay plays an important role in transmission lines Transmission as part of the protection system that must be taken into account, the presence of FACTs devices causes a change in the impedance measured by the distance relay, which can cause improper transmission line disconnection or improper operation of the relay, as it is known that the wrong performance of protection systems, It can lead to even electrical network problems Complete blackout, with its negative consequences for consumers and the country's economy, therefore it resulted in analyzing the performance and studying the impact of these devices on the work of the distance relay under various circumstances and conditions. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the UPFC Unified Power Flow Control device used to improve the stability of the electric power system,where in the Matlab/Simulink program environment, the distance relay, the unified power flow control device, and the transmission line were simulated, and the case of a fault on the transmission line was studied and the performance of the relay was evaluated. The results showed a change in the visible measured impedance by the distance relay, and thus the possibility of unreliable operation of the distance relay in the presence of such devices unless taken into account in advance in the calibration stage of the distance relay.
Performance Evaluation of Scheduling Algorithms (DRR and Modified EDF) In WiMAX Networks
Communications wireless technologies depend on the performance of scheduling operation which is important for bandwidth allocation and distribution between subscribers to achieve high throughput and meet quality-of-service commitments. In this paper we review the scheduling operation in wimax network, where did not have standard scheduling operation and let it free. There are many scheduling algorithm, and we focus on DRR and Modified EDF. Scheduling algorithms, we study them performance in terms of throughput and delay. We also try to improve performance by using call admission control algorithm with DRR and Modified EDF. .
Research-Paper Classification And Reviewer Recommender System Based On NLP And Arabert Linguistic Model
Peer-Review system is a tool for controlling the quality of scientific publications in scientific journals and conferences, with huge increase of submissions, the pressure on the review process has increased, which depends basically on human efforts in sorting papers according to its topic and assigning it to the most appropriate reviewer, which raised the need to develop the traditional systems to avoid slowness, bias, or lack of quality and to keep pace with the continuous scientific acceleration. Recently artificial intelligence techniques have been widely used in most fields, and many libraries were developed to analyzing Arabic texts, which facilitated their use for the development of current systems. In this paper, a multi-label classifier was created based on the deep learning pre-trained model for Arabic language, AraBERT, which was customized by training on data from peer-reviewed journal (Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research) after pre-processing using natural language processing techniques. This model has proven its ability to identify the topic using paper’s title and abstract only, then it was used in developing a reviewers recommender system, which is information retrieval model works on classifying and processing Arabic text semantically based on the AraBERT Linguistic model, this leads to measure the similarity ratio between a paper and collection of publications by reviewers in the same subject to provide top ten suggestions of reviewers with the closest specialization to the paper. The system also provides additional suggestions as new reviewer among previously published articles. This system was tested on data of the journal, and the classification model reached the values 86.5%, 91.8%, 92.4%, and 91.4% for each of the Accuracy, F1-score, Precision, and Recall, respectively. It was also found that 85% of the reviewers suggested by the system are fully suitable for review process, according to the assessment of the journal’s publishing experts, and by applying the recall@10 scale, it showed that 49% of the suggestions submitted by the system matched the actual reviewers. The importance of this system appears as an effective tool to assist editors in scientific journals and conferences in classifying research and selecting the most appropriate reviewers quickly, effectively and without bias.
Copyright (c) 2023 Damascus University Journal for engineering sciences
Developing an Effective Training Dataset to Enhance the Performance of AI-based Speaker Separation Systems
This paper addresses the challenge of speaker separation, which remains an active research topic despite the promising results achieved in recent years. These results, however, often degrade in real recording conditions due to the presence of noise, echo, and other interferences. This is because neural models are typically trained on synthetic datasets consisting of mixed audio signals and their corresponding ground truths, which are generated using computer software and do not fully represent the complexities of real-world recording scenarios. The lack of realistic training sets for speaker separation remains a major hurdle, as obtaining individual sounds from mixed audio signals is a non-trivial task. To address this issue, we propose a novel method for constructing a realistic training set that includes mixture signals and corresponding ground truths for each speaker. We evaluate this dataset on a deep learning model and compare it to a synthetic dataset. We got a 1.65 dB improvement in Scale Invariant Signal to Distortion Ratio (SI-SDR) for speaker separation accuracy in realistic mixing. Our findings highlight the potential of realistic training sets for enhancing the performance of speaker separation models in real-world scenarios.
Grasping Type Recognition based on EMG signals using NINA PRO dataset
This research focuses on developing the control of a prosthetic limb as a smart alternative to the amputated limb by using EMG signals to compensate for the grasping movements of the human hand. First, we studied the grasping movements that human hand can perform, in addition to studying the models of prosthetic arms made globally and their capabilities. Accordingly, we proposed to classify the grasping movements into four classes based on the number of fingers involved in the grasping process in addition the resting position. The study relied on the fifth version of the NINA PRO database, which assumes the presence of two armband of muscle sensors, each one includes eight sensors mounted on the foream of the amputated limb., so that there is an angular shift between them. The proposed algorithm is based on converting the signals of muscle sensors into a scaled matrix with dimensions that depend on the number of sensors and the rate of data acquisition during the time window of movement, and then converting the matrix into a grayscale image. Depending on the deep learning algorithms, several models were tested, where we able to classify there signals within the five classes with high efficiency and with a classification accuracy of 95.87% using CNN convolutional neural networks.
Tree-select Trial and Error Algorithm for Adaptation to Failures of Redundant Manipulators
In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm we call "Tree-select Trial and Error" (TTE) that can help a redundant robotic arm to adapt to failures that might occur during its functioning. This algorithm proposes a new search strategy allowing the robot to generate new behaviours, rather than being restricted to the previously learned ones, in order to compensate damage effects. Thus, learning suitable behaviours become an online process that promotes the robot's knowledge. The simulation and the experimental results on a planar manipulator with six actuators proved the effectiveness of our algorithm in helping the robot to reach a large area of its workspace in a few number of trials despite the different damage scenarios.
Object Detection And Recognition In GPR Images Using AI Techniques
In this paper, we adapt AI techniques, especially YOLOv5 algorithm, for the detection and classification of underground buried objects in B-scan ground penetrating radar (GPR) images. We used gprMax toolbox to prepare the dataset and we considered seven models: voids, tunnels, groundwater, rebar and subsurface concrete. Data augmentation was applied to enlarge the Dataset. The recognition results were promising and the algorithm was tested on real GPR images taken from different references. This study shows that YOLOv5 can detect and classify underground targets, which makes it a promising methodology for practical investment to analyze this kind of specific GPR data even with few training samples.