Performance Analysis Of The Zoned Fresnel Lens Antenna In The Millimeter Wave Range For 5G Communications

Abstract

The main objective of using lenses with antennas is to improve gain and directivity, in addition to achieve hybrid digital radio

beamforming, especially with the use of multiple inputs and multiple outputs communications, as the lens works to reduce level of side lobes and focus radiation in the desired direction, which reduces energy losses and improves energy efficiency of the system In addition to greatly increasing the data transfer rate, which improves spectral efficiency. Several types of lenses have been studied in order to obtain smaller dimensions and less weight compatible with the restrictions imposed by the devices used in fifth generation communications. The aim of the research is to design a lens antenna that is applicable in the fifth generation communication system using a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens, which is characterized by less thickness and lighter weight compared to the lens with dielectric plates, with the ability of easy manufacture it. The FZP lens depends on the constructive overlap between the (N) constituent regions of the lens. The FZP lens antenna is designed on the V-band (57-66 GHz) used in 5G communications. The Fresnel lens is characterized by a small focal distance and therefore the feed can be placed very close to the lens, which makes the antenna suitable for fifth generation communications. Research is based on The finite differential time domain (FDTD) method adopted in the CST software was used to study and analyze the performance of the proposed antenna, by using the horn antenna as a feed antenna first, and then using an array of horn antennas as feed elements in the next stage, in order to obtain effective beamforming to improve performance.The performance was analyzed through the approved performance coefficients: reflection factor, gain, half-power band width , and radial pattern. the results showed a clear improvement in the performance of the millimeter antenna using the FZP lens compared to Dielectric Slabs-Based Lens. In general, this antenna provides good performance within the millimeter wave range, and special radiation patterns compatible with European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI standards, as it is characterized by a relatively high gain, in addition to a low form factor.