Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
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description: The Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry aims to advance the practice, education and scientific research of pediatric dentistry to promote children's health and develop means of prevention, diagnosis and dental treatment for them, especially for children suffering from medical problems. The journal also keen to publish clinical scientific research to provide the most significant scientific evidence that enables researchers to continue their research and advance pediatric dentistry sciences such as in craniofacial deformities traumatic dental injuries and behavior management techniques to enable general dentists and pedodontist to apply the most important clinical guidelines in their practice and advance the profession of pediatric dentistry in the world..ISSN (Online):3078-4522 The Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry is a peer-reviewed journal, published in English with an Arabic and English abstracts.
publisher: جامعة دمشق
language: en
publication name: Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
issn: 3078-4522
items: Sex Differences in Children’s Pain and Anxiety During Local Anesthesia Using Buzzy as a Pain-Relief Aid
items: Assessment of the Relationship Between Dental Anxiety and Patient's Gender in Children Aged 4–6 Years Attending the Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University
items: Traumatic Dental Injuries in Youth Basketball players: A Cross-Sectional Study of Awareness, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices in Damascus, Syria
items: Evaluation of Taste Acceptability of Lavender Oil as a Natural Topical Anesthetic During Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Children(A Randomized Controlled Trial)
items: Comparison of the efficacy of smart polymer burs with Carisolv gel in removing dental caries and reducing pain in children - a clinical study.
items: Evaluation of the irrigation efficacy of chlorhexidine gel in disinfection necrotic pulp root canals of anterior primary teeth(Clinical comparative bacteriological study)
items: The Impact of Camouflage Syringes in Reducing Injection Pain in the Dental Clinic among Pediatric Patients. A Randomized Clinical Trial
items: Comparing The Pull Out Resistance Of Two Typs Of Posts Used In restoration of severely damaged primary anterior teeth)A Comparative In Vitro Study.(
items: Evaluation of dentinal bridge formation and canal obliteration after pulpotomy in primary molars using MTA and bioceramic putty (well-root-pt)
items: https://journal.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/index.php/AJPD/en/article/view/16362
items: Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Lavender Extract Sprays on Gingivitis in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (Randomized Clinical Trial)
items: Evaluation of the time taken to remove caries from immature permanent molars using Brix 3000 gel compared to the traditional rotary method (clinical study)
items: A study of the knowledge and awareness of dental students in Syrian public universities about the using artificial intelligence in pediatric dentistry
items: Effectiveness of Apple Cider Vinegar and Mechanical Removal on Dental Plaque and Gingival inflammation in Preschool Children (in-vivo Study)
items: Investigating the impact of drug delivery systems on the efficacy of EMLA cream for palatine anesthesia in children aged 7 to 11 years.
items: Sealing ability of white mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with 2.25% sodium hypochlorite gel used for repairing furcal perforations in primary molars: an in vitro study
items: The relationship between maternal dental anxiety and children's dental anxiety: a cross-sectional study
items: The relationship between body mass index and oral health indices in adolescent children: a cross-sectional study
items: Evaluating the effectiveness of cinnamon oil on pain severity caused by needle pick during inferior alveolar nerve block in children
items: Comparing Two Types of Distraction (Passive and Active) During Primary Mandibular Molar Pulpotomy(Randomized Controlled Trial)
items: Impact of an Oral Health Education Program on Institutionalized Visually Impaired Children in Syria
items: The Effect of a combined Aloe Vera and Chlorhexidine gel on plaque index in children with Cerebral palsy.
items: The Effect of Sugar-Free Gum on the Salivary pH of Children after Consuming Sweetened Milk
items: The influence of buffered and conventional anesthetic solutions on the pain level in children during an inferior alveolar nerve block injection: randomized Clinical Trial
items: Evaluation of marginal leakage of self-adhesive flowable composite on anterior primary teeth: In vitro study

Sex Differences in Children’s Pain and Anxiety During Local Anesthesia Using Buzzy as a Pain-Relief Aid
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description: Introduction: Pain and anxiety during dental procedures, particularly during local anesthesia administration, remain significant concerns in pediatric dentistry. The Buzzy device — combining vibration and cold — is used as a nonpharmacological intervention to mitigate these responses. The aim of the research: To evaluate gender-based differences in pain and anxiety responses among children aged 6–10 years after the application of the Buzzy device during inferior alveolar nerve block injections, using the FLACC and FIS assessment tools. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five children (11 males and 14 females, aged 6–10 years) received the Buzzy device applied adjacent to the injection site prior to inferior alveolar nerve block administration. Pain was evaluated using the FLACC Scale and anxiety was assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS), both before and after the injection. Comparisons between males and females were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: No significant age difference was found between genders (P = 0.670). Before anesthesia, both pain (FLACC) and anxiety (FIS) scores were very low in both groups. After anesthesia, mean FLACC and FIS scores increased slightly between males and females, with females showing higher median values; however, gender differences were not statistically significant for FLACC (P = 0.202) or for FIS (P = 0.103). Correlation analysis revealed weak and non-significant relationships between pain and anxiety scores before (ρ = –0.102, P = 0.627) and after anesthesia (ρ = 0.221, P = 0.289). Conclusion: In conclusion, the Buzzy device proved to be an effective adjunct for pain and anxiety control during inferior alveolar nerve block injections in children, with similar benefits observed across genders.
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creator: Nagham zuhair abu fakher
creator: Chaza nader kouchaje
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02

Assessment of the Relationship Between Dental Anxiety and Patient's Gender in Children Aged 4–6 Years Attending the Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University
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description: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dental anxiety and patient's gender, in addition to examining the association between the physiological response to anxiety and pain perception among children aged 4–6 years attending the Faculty of Dentistry. Materials and Methods: A clinical study was conducted on a sample of 100 children of both genders. The assessment tools included measuring dental anxiety through oxygen saturation using a pulse oximeter (as an objective, non-subjective measure), alongside pain evaluation using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (as a subjective measure). Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests. Results: The findings revealed that females recorded slightly lower oxygen saturation levels compared to males during the dental session (97.59 vs. 97.95 at T0; 96.77 vs. 97.29 at T1), and reported higher pain scores according to the Wong-Baker Scale (2.48 vs. 2.18). Although the differences did not reach statistical significance, they indicate a tendency for higher anxiety and pain among females. Moreover, Spearman’s test showed a weak but statistically significant inverse correlation between oxygen saturation and pain scores (r = -0.211, P = 0.035), suggesting that children with higher anxiety may be more prone to experiencing greater pain. Conclusions: The study concluded that patient gender may represent a contributing factor in the psychological and physiological responses associated with dental anxiety. Combining objective measures such as oxygen saturation with self-report tools like the Wong-Baker Scale provides a more accurate approach to monitoring anxiety and pain. The findings also recommend considering patient gender when planning behavioral interventions to improve children’s experiences in the dental clinic.
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creator: ألاء محمد سنوبر
creator: Chaza Nader Kouchaji
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02

Traumatic Dental Injuries in Youth Basketball players: A Cross-Sectional Study of Awareness, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices in Damascus, Syria
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description: Background and Objective: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a significant public health concern, particularly among youth engaged in contact sports such as basketball. Despite the availability of preventive measures like mouthguards, awareness and usage remain limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of TDIs, knowledge of emergency management, and awareness and use of mouthguards among youth basketball players in Damascus, Syria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 95 registered youth basketball players aged 7–16 years. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered questionnaire covering demographics, trauma history, first-aid knowledge, and mouthguard practices. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify associations and predictors. Results: Over half of the participants (59%) reported experiencing dental trauma, with tooth fractures and concussions being the most common. Knowledge of emergency management was generally poor; only 28.4% were aware of the importance of immediate tooth replantation, and 48.4% selected inappropriate transport media. Mouthguard use was low (24.2%), with barriers including discomfort, lack of trainer encouragement, and social stigma. Gender and years of basketball experience were significant predictors of trauma risk, with female players and those with >5 years of experience showing higher odds. Conclusions: The findings highlight insufficient awareness and preventive practices regarding TDIs among Syrian youth basketball players. Targeted educational programs and broader engagement of coaches and parents are essential to improve emergency preparedness and promote consistent mouthguard use.
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creator: Taimaa Riad Hamdan
creator: Mayssoon Ahmad Deeb Dashash
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02

Evaluation of Taste Acceptability of Lavender Oil as a Natural Topical Anesthetic During Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Children(A Randomized Controlled Trial)
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description: Introduction: Topical anesthetics applied to the mucosa prior to injection have long been used to relieve pain before the insertion of the local anesthetic needle. Both lidocaine and benzocaine gels have long been used for this purpose. However, the increase in adverse reactions associated with the use of these chemicals, especially in young children, has been the main reason for the search for alternative. The use of herbs to relieve oral and dental pain has been a popular option for centuries. Nowadays, patients are increasingly turning to oral medications with pleasant tastes and pleasant flavors. Undesirable tastes in medications often lead to patient noncompliance and intolerance. Therefore, masking the bitter taste of medications is essential to ensure patient acceptance, especially in children. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the taste acceptability of lavender oil at concentrations of 1% and 3% as a natural topical anesthetic compared to 20% benzocaine gel during surface anesthesia for inferior alveolar nerve block in children. Materials and Methods: A randomized double-blind clinical study was conducted on 90 children attending the Pediatric Dentistry Department at the University of Damascus. Cooperative children (Frankl behavior ratings 3 and 4) aged 7–11 years were included. The sample was divided into three groups of 30 children each: 1% lavender oil, 3% lavender oil, and 20% benzocaine gel. Each material was applied for two minutes. Children were then asked to rate the taste of the material used for anesthesia as good (1), acceptable (2), or bad (3). Result: The results showed statistically significant differences among the study groups, with a marked superiority of 1% lavender oil over the other anesthetics. onclusions:1% lavender oil demonstrated a more pleasant and acceptable taste among children compared to 20% benzocaine gel and 3% lavender oil.
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creator: Najwa Moufaq Almsoti
creator: Mohammad Bashier AlMonaqel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02

Comparison of the efficacy of smart polymer burs with Carisolv gel in removing dental caries and reducing pain in children - a clinical study.
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description: Introduction The disadvantages of using conventional method in dental caries removal, such as patient discomfort, pain, and use of local anesthesia, in addition to thermal effects on dental pulp as a result of using high speed rotating burs, have increased the need for new approaches in removing caries can be more acceptable to patients and more conservative for dental tissues. Such as chemo-mechanical method (Carisolv) and smart polymer burs.| Methodology:. A total of 44 carious primary mandibular molars were selected for the study from children aged (6-8) years, they were selected from Damascus schools. Results: Statistical analyzes of the samples showed that there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05) for patient pain but there were significant differences between groups (p<0.05) for the effectiveness of caries removal. Conclusion: Smart polymer burs are as effective as Carisolv gel in reducing pain during dental treatment in children but are less effective in removing dental caries
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creator: Nagham khoury
creator: Mohannad Georgios Laflouf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

Evaluation of the irrigation efficacy of chlorhexidine gel in disinfection necrotic pulp root canals of anterior primary teeth(Clinical comparative bacteriological study)
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description: Objectives: The study aimed to compare Qmix2in1 and sodium hypochlorite solution in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis bacteria within root canals of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 30 extracted primary molars, which were divided into two groups: Group 1 experimental (n=15) Qmix2in1, Group 2 control (n=15) 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The root canals were prepared using Kedo-S file rotary then sterilized within autoclave and then contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The root canals were irrigated for 5 minutes in a quantity of 3 ml using a 31-gauge irrigation needle and then bacterial sample were taken then the bacterial colonies were counted and converted to logarithmic numbers.. Results: Both sodium hypochlorite and Qmix2in1 reduced the bacterial count of Enterococcus within root canals of primary molars. When comparing the two irrigant, significant statistically differences were observed (P-value = 0.001) in favor of Qmix2in1 group. Conclusion: : Qmix2in1 can be considered as a good alternative to sodium hypochlorite in irrigation root canals of primary teeth. Keywords: : Primary Teeth, Irrigation, Enterococcus Faecalis, Qmix2in1, Sodium Hypochlorite.
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creator: Dania Khaled AlKhourbotly
creator: Mohamed Kamel Altinawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

The Impact of Camouflage Syringes in Reducing Injection Pain in the Dental Clinic among Pediatric Patients. A Randomized Clinical Trial
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description: Aim of the study: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using a Camouflage syringe in reducing dental pain in children at the dental clinic compared to the conventional one. Materials and Methods: A sample size was 70 children was referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Damascus University, aged 6-9 years, in need of dental treatment in the maxillary region that requires local anesthesia. The sample was randomly divided into two parallel groups, with 35 patients in each group as follows: Group 1 received the injection using a Conventional syringe with the Tell-Show-Do technique, and Group 2 received the injection using a Camouflage syringe with the Tell-Show-Do technique. The level of pain in children was assessed using: Wong-Baker FACES Scale modified by Al Monaqel and Hajji-baker. Results: The results showed a decrease in dental pain levels in the camouflage syringe group compared to the conventional syringe group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, no significant differences were reported between males and females, whether in the total sample size or within the studied groups. Conclusions: Based on the current study, the use of a Camouflage syringe can reduce dental pain in children aged 6-9 years when receiving local anesthesia injections in the maxillary region.
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creator: Bana Jamal Darwish
creator: Mohammad Bashier Al Monaqel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02

Comparing The Pull Out Resistance Of Two Typs Of Posts Used In restoration of severely damaged primary anterior teeth)A Comparative In Vitro Study.(
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description: Background: severely damaged primary anterior teeth that require pulp therapy present a high-risk of failure due to the loss of tooth substance resulting from pre-existing decay and endodontic therapy itself. The ideal post material should have physical and mechanical properties that are similar to those of dentin . Another concern in restoring endodontically treated primary teeth is the need to find a material that can resorb in a similar way to natural tooth structure as a part of the exfoliation process allowing normal eruption of permanent successors . Accordingly there is no such material other than dentine itself.The introduction of Biological dentine posts offered an excellent alternative for restoring such teeth. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of using dentine posts on the Pull Out resistance of endodontically treated primary anterior teeth in comparison to composite posts. Materials and methods: A sample of 30 primary anterior teeth was collected from the outpatient clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry,Damascus University. 15 freshly extracted permanent teeth with single root were also collected from the outpatient clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry,Damascus. University. The roots of the permanent teeth were used to prepare 30 dentine posts using CAD-CAM machine. After receiving proper endodontic treatment, the primary teeth were divided into two groups (15 teeth in each group). The first group was restored with dentine posts, and the second group was restored with composite posts 3 mm in length for both groups. Pull Out resistance testing was performed using Testometric machine. Results: The results were recorded.descriptive statistics were performed and the data were analyzed at 95% confidence interval using independent t-student test. There were no statistically significant differences in Pull Out resistance between the two groups. But Dentin posts showed increased in Pull Out…
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creator: Ayham Hijaz
creator: Mohamed Kamel Altinawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

Evaluation of dentinal bridge formation and canal obliteration after pulpotomy in primary molars using MTA and bioceramic putty (well-root-pt)
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description: Summary: Preserving the primary teeth is important, as it plays an important role in the integrity of the dental arch, the development of the craniofacial complex, and the integrity of speech and chewing, as early loss of primary teeth leads to cosmetic, functional and verbal problems. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the formation of the dentinal bridge and canal obliteration after pulpotomy n in the primary molars using both mineral trioxides aggregate and Bioceramic putty (Well_Root PT) in the pulpotomy of the primary molars. Materials and Methods: The study sample included forty second lower primary molars with non-response pulpitis, randomly distributed into two groups in children aged 6-8 years. Mineral trioxides aggregate (MTA) were applied in the first group, while bioceramic was applied in the second group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the formation of the dentinal bridge between the two study groups, while there was a statistically significant difference in canal obliteration between the two study groups. Conclusions: This study found no difference between mineral trioxides aggregate and Bioceramic putty (Well_Root PT) in bridge formation, while a difference was noted in canal obliteration, where a greater number of cases was recorded in the mineral trioxides aggregate group.
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creator: Ibrahim Alnassar
creator: Mohamed Kamel Altinawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

https://journal.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/index.php/AJPD/en/article/view/16362
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title: Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite gel and solution at different concentrations against Enterococcus faecalis within the root canals of primary molars: an in vitro study
description: Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in its solution and gel forms, at different concentrations, as an irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis in primary molars. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 50 upper and lower primary molars, divided into five equal groups: Group 1: 2.25% NaOCl solution. Group 2: 5.25% NaOCl solution. Group 3: 2.25% NaOCl gel. Group 4: 4% NaOCl gel. Group 5 (negative control): 0.9% saline. After irrigation, the teeth were incubated for 24 hours. A sample was then cultured on blood agar plates. The plates were then incubated for 72 hours, and the bacteria were counted. Results: NaOCl at all concentrations, both liquid and gel forms, demonstrated antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, with 2.25% NaOCl gel outperforming 4% (p < 0.001). Conclusions NaOCl gel at concentrations of 2.25%–4% can be considered an effective alternative against Enterococcus faecalis in the endodontic treatment of primary molars.
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creator: خليل محمد خلوف
creator: Mawia Maher Karkoutly
creator: Saleh Bashar Al Kurdi
creator: Nada George Bshara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2026-04-02
publication date: 2026-04-02

Assessing the Effect of Aqueous Lavender Extract Sprays on Gingivitis in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (Randomized Clinical Trial)
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description: Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has increased worldwide over the past three decades. High blood sugar levels in diabetic patients negatively affect the inflammatory response to dental plaque, leading to gingivitis and periodontitis, manifested by periodontal abscesses, and xerostomia, which leads to cervical caries and a high carious predisposition. Several studies have shown that plaque removal is not completely achieved using mechanical methods alone, so chemical control methods have emerged as an adjuvant and enhancing method. The aim of the research: The current study aims to evaluate lavender sprays on gingivitis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a randomized controlled clinical study that included a sample of 30 children divided into two main groups (placebo spray, lavender spray). Children were given one of the sprays used in the research sample randomly and were taught how to use it, using it twice daily for one minute each time. The gingival index was assessed at baseline and after one week, one month and three months. The data were collected and analyzed statistically using the SPSS V.25 software. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the mean gingival index before starting the study, and after the first week, inflammation improved in both groups, with significant differences between the effect of the two sprays after one week, one month and three months in favor of the lavender spray group more than in the placebo spray group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the current study, the lavender spray contributed to reducing gingivitis in children with type 1 diabetes when compared with the placebo spray.
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creator: Doaa Sadieah
creator: Shaza Koshaji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

Evaluation of the time taken to remove caries from immature permanent molars using Brix 3000 gel compared to the traditional rotary method (clinical study)
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description: Abstract: Background: The traditional method of removing caries using rotary instruments is associated with a number of disadvantages, such as thermal effects that are harmful to the pulp tissue and excessive preparation of the dental tissue, in addition to the feeling of discomfort, fear, and anxiety that accompany it Aim: This study aims to evaluate the time taken to remove caries by the chemo-mechanical method using Brix 3000 compared to the traditional rotary method. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 30 permanent first molars with Class I dentine caries, in 30 children between 7 and 9 years of age. The sample was divided into two equal groups according to the treatment method used (Brix 3000, traditional rotary method). Investigate the time it takes to remove the caries using a mobile phone timer, and the independent sample t test was used to analyze the results at a confidence level of 95 % and asignificance level of p ≤ 0.05.Results: The average time taken to remove caries in the caries removal group using Brix 3000 was (9.24 minutes). Conversely, the average time taken to remove caries in the caries removal group using the traditional rotary method was (2.27 minutes), and there were differences. Statistically significant when comparing the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The chemo-mechanical method of removing caries using Brix 3000 required a longer time compared to the traditional rotary method, and the traditional rotary method was the fastest method in removing caries.
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creator: Malek Rajab
creator: Samar Alsalameh
creator: Shadi Azzawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

A study of the knowledge and awareness of dental students in Syrian public universities about the using artificial intelligence in pediatric dentistry
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description: Background : The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has caused a paradigm change in the medical and dental disciplines in recent years. It is crucial for practitioners to comprehend the basic ideas, underlying principles, and applications of AI as it continues to influence clinical practices in the present and the future. AI is a potent diagnostic tool in pediatric dentistry that improves precision, effectiveness, and judgment. To maximize AI's potential in clinical practice, a thorough grasp of its function in this field is essential. Object: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a group of Syrian dental students' knowledge ,perceptions and attitudes about the future of artificial intelligence in pediatric dentistry. Materials and Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire with 11 items that were emailed to 780 dentistry students in their fourth and fifth years at Hama, Homs, and Lattakia Government Universities in Syria via Google Forms®. Participants' demographic information was gathered, and their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on the future of AI in pediatric dentistry were evaluated. Result : The findings of this study demonstrated that students had a notable level of knowledge about artificial intelligence (AI). Of the students in the current study, 680 (87.17%) were already aware of the concept. Additionally, 626 students (80.2%) were aware that AI can be used in pediatric dentistry, and 516 (66.1%) agreed that AI can be a reliable diagnostic tool in pediatric dentistry. The majority of students 677 (86.7%) agreed that AI can be used as a behavior modification tool, but only 435 (55.8%) agreed that painless injections could be performed using AI devices. 617 (79.1%) agreed that AI could be covered in dental curricula in the future, and only 362 (46.4%) believed that Al had a future in pediatric dentistry in Syria . Additionally, 280 students (35.8%) believed that AI could eventually replace pediatric dentists. …
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creator: Abdulrhman alkaled
creator: Chaza Nader Kouchaji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

Effectiveness of Apple Cider Vinegar and Mechanical Removal on Dental Plaque and Gingival inflammation in Preschool Children (in-vivo Study)
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description: Background: Daily oral care is a great challenge for preschool children. Therefore, it is essential to study methods that facilitate oral care to establish early oral hygiene and improve oral health in these groups. This study was designed evaluate the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar (ACV) 5% and mechanical plaque removal with a manual toothbrush without toothpaste or both ACV with mechanical removal, on dental plaque and gingivitis in preschool children. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 75 children aged 3-6 years, divided into three groups based on the applied method. The modified plaque index (TQHPI) and the modified gingival index (MGI) were used to assess the effectiveness of each studied method. Data were collected once before the intervention and then monthly for three months following the intervention. Results: This study showed decreasing in (TQHP) in all groups as between T0 and T3. The greatest reduction in TQHP occurred in the mechanical brushing with ACV group, followed by the ACV group, with no statistically significant differences(p>0.05), then the mechanical brushing group, which showed a statistically significant difference when compared to both ACV group and the mechanical brushing with ACV group individually. The greatest decreasing in (MGI) was found in ACVgroup and the mechanical brushing with ACV group, with no statistically significant differences at all times compared to the mechanical brushing group, where a statistically significant difference was found between the mechanical brushing group and ACV group after two months and three months. Conclusions: Apple cider vinegar, whether alone or combined with manual brushing, showed a greater and faster effect on dental plaque and gingivitis compared to mechanical brushing without toothpaste
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creator: Nour Abbas Asaad
creator: Mohannad Georgios Laflouf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

Investigating the impact of drug delivery systems on the efficacy of EMLA cream for palatine anesthesia in children aged 7 to 11 years.
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description: Background & Aim: This research aims to find alternatives to the traditional painful palatine local injection used during the extraction of upper temporary teeth. The study seeks to enhance the effectiveness of EMLA cream over a suitable duration for child response (3 minutes) by utilizing drug delivery systems, including a permeability enhancer (DMSO), oral patches, and microneedle patches for palatine injections while using only lidocaine injections from the vestibular side. Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 75 children, who were randomly divided into five groups of 15 children each. The studied material or method was applied to each group as follows: Group 1: (Conventional local palatine injection (control group)). Group 2: (EMLA cream only). Group 3: (Chemical permeability enhancer DMSO with EMLA cream). Group 4: (Oral patches with EMLA Cream). Group 5: (Microneedle patches dissolved with EMLA Cream). Physiological scales were utilized to assess pain in the study. A pulse oximeter was employed to measure heart rate and oxygen saturation at different stages of the procedure (application, probing, and extraction) across the various groups being studied. Results: The findings revealed that, at a 95% confidence level, there were no statistically significant differences in the average changes in oxygen saturation among the groups at any of the stages analyzed. Additionally, during the extraction phase, no significant differences were found in the average changes in heart rate between the research groups. However, for the other stages (application and probing), the significance level was found to be less than 0.05. Conclusion: Both conventional palatal injections and extractions are generally painful procedures. By incorporating drug delivery systems, we can enhance the efficiency and comfort of the procedure for children.
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creator: Farah Moheyalden Babakurd
creator: Shadi khaled azzawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-03-16
publication date: 2025-03-16

Sealing ability of white mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with 2.25% sodium hypochlorite gel used for repairing furcal perforations in primary molars: an in vitro study
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description: Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 2.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) gel mixture in repairing furcal perforation in primary molars using methylene blue dye penetration. Materials and methods It was an in vitro experimental study. Sixty human primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15). Group 1 (MTA + distilled water (DW)): Furcal perforations were repaired with MTA and DW mixture. Group 2 (MTA + NaOCl gel): Furcal perforations were repaired with MTA and 2.25% NaOCl gel mixture. Group 3 (Positive control): Furcal perforations left untreated. Group 4 (Negative control): Primary molars with no furcal perforations. The primary molars underwent amputation 3 mm apical to the furcation area, then received a standard access cavity preparation. The flowable composite was used to seal the canal orifices and the apical end of each root. Clear nail varnish was applied to cover the cavity walls and pulpal floor. The molars' pulp chambers were placed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. The samples were then cut into mesiodistal sections, and the extent of dye penetration was measured on each wall from the bottom of the perforation to the floor of the pulp chamber. Results The dye penetration score for the MTA + DW group was 0.05 ± 0.05, followed by the MTA + NaOCl gel group (0.07 ± 0.07). The MTA + DW mixture did not outperform the MTA + NaOCl gel's sealing ability (p = 1.000). Both materials have good sealing ability since no statistically significant difference was noted with the negative control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions The MTA + NaOCl gel mixture may serve as a viable alternative for repairing furcal perforations in primary molars.
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creator: Mawia Karkoutly
creator: Saleh Al Kurdi
creator: Nada Bshara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-03-23
publication date: 2025-03-23

The relationship between maternal dental anxiety and children's dental anxiety: a cross-sectional study
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description: Abstract: Background and aim of the study: Dental fear and anxiety are one of the main challenges in pediatric dentistry, and dental fear and anxiety are a common reason for avoiding dental treatments, which may lead to deterioration of oral health status over time. Many researchers have shown that the relationship between parents and children has a direct impact on dental anxiety in children, so this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the relationship between dental anxiety in mothers and dental anxiety in children. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 children and their mothers who attended the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Damascus University. The children's aged ranged 6 to12 years. Demographic data were collected included child's age, mother's age, child's gender, and mother's education level. Dental anxiety in children was assessed using the Facial Image Scale, and dental anxiety in mothers was assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Spearman's rho showed no correlation between dental anxiety in children and both the child's age and the mother's age (P< 0.05). Chi-square test results also showed no correlation between dental anxiety in children (P <0.05). Spearman's rho showed a statistically significant relationship between dental anxiety in mothers and dental anxiety in their children (P> 0.05). Conclusions: There is an association between dental anxiety in mothers and dental anxiety in children, and therefore more attention should be paid to the role of mothers in preparing the child for dental visits.
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creator: مريم شرف
creator: ميسون دشاش
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-03-16
publication date: 2025-03-16

The relationship between body mass index and oral health indices in adolescent children: a cross-sectional study
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description: Background and Objective: The prevalence of obesity has been increasing dramatically worldwide in recent years, and the bidirectional interaction between high body mass index (BMI) and oral health has been described in the literature. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI and oral health indices. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 654 children were classified according to their BMI for age and sex into the following groups; underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Data on plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and caries index of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26 using descriptive tests, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Spearman correlation test at the 0.05 level. Results: The mean values ​​of oral health indices (gingival index, plaque index, and caries index) were significantly higher in obese individuals than in individuals with low or normal weight (p<0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant positive relationship of weak intensity between gingival and plaque indices and BMI (p<0.05) and moderate intensity between caries index and BMI (p>0.01). Conclusions: Based on the current study, we note the association of oral health with BMI in children in Damascus, where high values ​​of gingival, plaque, and caries indices were associated with high BMI. Hence, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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creator: Lana Alshayeb
creator: Mayssoon Dashash
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14

Evaluating the effectiveness of cinnamon oil on pain severity caused by needle pick during inferior alveolar nerve block in children
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description: Objectives: Despite the great development witnessed by dentistry, pain during the insertion of a local anesthesia needle is still the main cause of fear and anxiety in children, and with the spread of many methods to relieve pain, research is still ongoing to find an effective surface anesthetic to relieve pain well, so the aim of this research was to take advantage of the available and cheap non-pharmacological natural materials in achieving this goal. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind clinical study was conducted involving 60 children from the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Damascus University. Cooperative children were selected (according to the Frankl scale Grade 3 and 4), within the age group of 7-11 years. The sample was divided into two groups where each group included 30 children, namely the cinnamon oil group and the benzocaine gel group, each of the substances was applied for 3 minutes. The pain was assessed subjectively by the child using the scale Wong Backer Faces modified by Al Monaqel using a wooden board designed with measurements(60-20) and the image of the scale was printed on it. The pain was also assessed by three external evaluators using the sound, eye and movement meter (SEM) after the child was filmed in a video method using the camera of the Mi9 mobile device and the film was shown to them. The evaluation was conducted during three times: : First during the application of the substance, secondly before anesthesia, and thirdly, after the completion of anesthesia. Results: There were no significant differences between cinnamon oil and benzocaine gel 20% in pain relief during local anesthetic needle insertion according to the SEM scale, and Wong Backer Faces modified by Al Monaqel scale. Conclusions: cinnamon oil has a surface anesthetic effect similar to that of benzocaine gel 20%, it also has a pleasant taste.
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creator: Hiba Nazeh Khalouf
creator: Mohammad Bashier Al Monaqel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-03-16
publication date: 2025-03-16

Comparing Two Types of Distraction (Passive and Active) During Primary Mandibular Molar Pulpotomy(Randomized Controlled Trial)
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description: Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the types of passive distraction - by watching cartoons - and active distraction - by video games - during pulpotomy on the primary mandibular molars in children. Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 70 children who were randomly divided into two groups according to the distraction method used: Group (1): 35 children who used the active distraction technique by video games through a wireless gaming handpiece. Group (2): 35 children who used the passive distraction technique by watching cartoons films. Children were selected from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry - Damascus University, who needed pulpotomy in primary mandibular molar. All children were assessed using: the modified Wong-Baker Faces Scale as a self-report, and the 'HOUPT' for crying scale as a non-self- report, and assessment was conducted first after the anesthesia injection and the second time after completion of the treatment. Results: The (One Way-Anova) test was conducted to evaluate differences between two groups, Active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety by HOUPT scale for crying after local anesthesia P = (0.001) and no statistically significant differences in the end of treatment. for the Wong-Baker faces scale active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety after the local anesthesia and at the end of the treatment, P = (0.000). Thus, active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety during the pulpotomy procedure in children . Conclusion: Passive and active distraction techniques are successful and effective during dental procedures in children, with the superiority of active distraction by video games in reducing fear and anxiety in children.
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creator: Ekram Abdulmuhsen Alsibai
creator: Nada George Bshara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-03-16
publication date: 2025-03-16

Impact of an Oral Health Education Program on Institutionalized Visually Impaired Children in Syria
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description: Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the types of passive distraction - by watching cartoons - and active distraction - by video games - during pulpotomy on the primary mandibular molars in children. Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 70 children who were randomly divided into two groups according to the distraction method used: Group (1): 35 children who used the active distraction technique by video games through a wireless gaming handpiece. Group (2): 35 children who used the passive distraction technique by watching cartoons films. Children were selected from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry - Damascus University, who needed pulpotomy in primary mandibular molar. All children were assessed using: the modified Wong-Baker Faces Scale as a self-report, and the 'HOUPT' for crying scale as a non-self- report, and assessment was conducted first after the anesthesia injection and the second time after completion of the treatment. Results: The (One Way-Anova) test was conducted to evaluate differences between two groups, Active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety by HOUPT scale for crying after local anesthesia P = (0.001) and no statistically significant differences in the end of treatment. for the Wong-Baker faces scale active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety after the local anesthesia and at the end of the treatment, P = (0.000). Thus, active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety during the pulpotomy procedure in children . Conclusion: Passive and active distraction techniques are successful and effective during dental procedures in children, with the superiority of active distraction by video games in reducing fear and anxiety in children.
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creator: Batool Marwan Al Mughrabi
creator: Mayssoon Ahmad Deeb Dashash
creator: Yusra Hasan Haddeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2025-03-16
publication date: 2025-03-16

The Effect of a combined Aloe Vera and Chlorhexidine gel on plaque index in children with Cerebral palsy.
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description: Introduction: Background and aim of the research: Oral health and periodontal diseases constitute part of the oral problems in patients with cerebral palsy. Providing oral health care to these patients is extremely difficult due to some of their physical and physical disabilities. Given the existence of a link between oral health and physical health, it was necessary to think about In finding solutions to treat their gingivitis without exerting physical and mechanical effort on the part of the child and his family, and the fact that the use of oral rinses GEL is effective in alleviating gingivitis, it requires muscular activity to move it within the mouth, which these patients do not possess, so the move was made to use oral rinses in the form of gel in Aspecial guard. Both chlorhexidine and aloe vera are effective rinses for gingivitis. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of a gel composed of aloe vera and chlorhexidine through its effect on dental plaque in children with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on a group of cerebral palsy (n = 30), whose old ranged between (9-12) years. A crossover design was adopted in this study, meaning that all sample members would use the four mouth gel sequentially, with a wash-out period of 12 days between each type. Aspecial guard was used, to prevent the gel from leaking into the mouth and to facilitate their application by the child and his family. The mouthwash was applied for 5 days, then plaque index were studied in the time periods before cleaning T0, after cleaning T1, and after use for 5 days T2 The outcome measures for evaluating the effectiveness of the four gel were recording the plaque index according to Quigley and Hein index in the periods T0, T1 and T2, and comparing the difference between the beginning and end of each use. Results were analyzed using (SPSS 13 edition). Results: The results showed the efficacy of a combined gel of chlorhexidine and aloe vera, chlor…
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creator: Anwar sulaiman sabti
creator: Chaza Nader Kouchaji
creator: Mhd. Isam Hasan Agha
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2024-09-20
publication date: 2024-09-20

The Effect of Sugar-Free Gum on the Salivary pH of Children after Consuming Sweetened Milk
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description: Objectives: This study aimed to monitor the changes in saliva pH after consuming a package of sweetened and chocolate-flavored milk, then studying the saliva pH changes after consuming a sugar-free gum sweetened with xylitol and sorbitol, in children with different additionally dental caries at the age of 3-5 years after conducting a laboratory study of milk to measure its acidity and the amount of added sugars and proteins to it. Materials and Methods: : A chemical analytical laboratory studied the pH and the amount of sugar and proteins added to milk (sweetened and chocolate flavored milk from (Hawa Al Sham Company). And a clinical observational study, of 30 children aged 3-5 years to find out the change in saliva pH after drinking sweetened and chocolate milk, then the effect of chewing sugar-free gum sweetened with xylitol and sorbitol on the pH. Results: The results showed that the value of the significance level is smaller than (P < 05.0), which means at the 95% confidence level, there are statistically significant binary differences in the salivary pH values between the two time periods before the test, two minutes after consuming milk and saliva pH values after two minutes of eating gum were greater than before the test and two minutes after consuming milk. Conclusions: Drinking sweetened milk decrease a salivary pH below the resting value, but it did not fall below the critical value (5.5), which means milk remains a non-cariogenic substance even if sucrose and flavorings are added to it. The sugar-free chewing gum sweetened with sorbitol and xylitol had a role in raising the salivary pH values above the resting values, and have the positive effect in preventing dental caries.
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creator: Rouaa Kamel Zamzam
creator: Nada Gorge Bshara
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2024-09-20
publication date: 2024-09-20

The influence of buffered and conventional anesthetic solutions on the pain level in children during an inferior alveolar nerve block injection: randomized Clinical Trial
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description: هدف البحث: هدفت هذه الدراسة لقياس معدل النبض كمشعر فيزيولوجي لتقييم الألم أثناء التخدير باستخدام المحلول المخدر المقلون (ليدوكائين 2% أدرينالين 1/80.000 مع بيكربونات الصوديوم 8.4%) مقارنة مع المحلول المخدر التقليدي (ليدوكائين2% أدرينالين (1/80.000 أثناء إجراء حقنة إحصار العصب السني السنخي السفلي في سياق معالجة الأرحاء السفلية المؤقتة. المواد والطرائق: تألفت عينة الدراسة من أربعين مريض لإجراء 80 حقنة إحصار العصب السني السنخي السفلي وفق تقنية الفم المشطور لمرضى بأعمار 7 – 10 سنوات لديهم أرحاء سفلية مؤقتة مصابة ثنائية الجانب، تم اختيار المحلول المخدر الذي سوف يتم البدء به عشوائياً مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار الشكوى الرئيسية للمريض. تم قياس النبض قبل البدء وأثناء التخدير باستخدام جهاز قياس الأكسجة الإصبعي ((Pulse Oximeter. النتائج: تمت مقارنة معدل فرق النبض قبل البدء وأثناء التخدير لكل من مجموعتي المحلول المخدر المقلون والمحلول المخدر التقليدي باستخدام اختبار ت ستودنت للعينات المستقلة (Independent T Student). لوحظ وجود فرق دال إحصائياً لصالح مجموعة المحلول المخدر المقلون حيث بلغت قيمة 0.000P value=. الاستنتاج: وجدت هذه الدراسة انخفاض معدل الألم باستخدام المحلول المخدر المقلون مقارنة مع المحلول المخدر التقليدي الذي أبدى معدل ألم أعلى أثناء إجراء حقنة إحصار العصب السني السنخي السفلي في سياق معالجة الأرحاء السفلية المؤقتة عند الأطفال.
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creator: Rouaa Hassan
creator: Chaza Nader Kouchaji
creator: Hanadi Al-Mattit
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2024-09-20
publication date: 2024-09-20

Evaluation of marginal leakage of self-adhesive flowable composite on anterior primary teeth: In vitro study
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description: Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the bonding of self-adhesive flowable composite in comparison with traditional flowable composite with a fifth-generation total-etch bonding system in primary anterior teeth, by studying microleakage after application of these materials in-vitro. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 32 extracted primary canine teeth. The sample was divided into two equal groups (n=16) according to the type of restoration applied: (Group 1): Traditional flowable composite resin was applied with a fifth-generation total-etch bonding system, (Group 2): Self-adhesive flowable composite resin was applied alone. A class v cavity was prepared on the facial/lingual surface at the cemento-enamel junction, with 1.5 mm depth, 2 mm height, and 3 mm width. In this way, the incisal wall of the cavity is above the cemento-enamel junction within the enamel, while the gingival wall is below the cemento-enamel junction within the dentin or cementum. The restorations were applied according to the group the tooth belongs to, after that all teeth were subjected to 500 thermocycling. then, a methylene blue dye microleakage test was performed, and longitudinal sections of the teeth were made and studied under the microscope. Results: In the incisal wall, the scores of microleakage in the traditional flowable composite group was lower than the self-adhesive flowable composite group. While in the gingival wall, the scores of microleakage was similar in both groups of traditional flowable composite and self-adhesive flowable composite, with no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: within the limitations of this study, the bonding of the self-adhesive flowable composite resin is similar to the bonding of conventional flowable composite resin using the fifth generation bonding system.
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creator: Chaza Nader Kouchaji
creator: Amani Mohammad Habbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Arabian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry
date: 2024-09-20
publication date: 2024-09-20